Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Homburg (Saar), Germany.
Ther Drug Monit. 2010 Oct;32(5):544-9. doi: 10.1097/FTD.0b013e3181eea318.
In recent years, besides the classic designer drugs of the amphetamine type, a series of new drug classes appeared on the illicit drugs market. The chemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, metabolism, and toxicokinetics is discussed of 2,5-dimethoxy amphetamines, 2,5-dimethoxy phenethylamines, beta-keto-amphetamines, phencyclidine derivatives as well as of herbal drugs, ie, Kratom. They have gained popularity and notoriety as rave drugs. The metabolic pathways, the involvement of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes in the main pathways, and their roles in hepatic clearance are also summarized.
近年来，除了经典的苯丙胺类设计药物外，一系列新的药物类别出现在非法毒品市场上。本文讨论了 2,5-二甲氧基苯丙胺、2,5-二甲氧基苯乙胺、β-酮苯丙胺、苯环利定衍生物以及草药（即，Kratom）的化学、药理学、毒理学、代谢和毒代动力学。它们作为狂欢药物而广受欢迎和恶名昭著。本文还总结了它们的代谢途径、主要途径中细胞色素 P450 同工酶的参与及其在肝清除中的作用。
