Royston P
Department of Medical Physics, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, U.K.
Stat Med. 1991 May;10(5):675-90. doi: 10.1002/sim.4780100502.
Reference ranges which take time (such as age) into account are often required in medicine, but simple, systematic and efficient statistical methods for constructing them are lacking. A method is described which is based on low order polynomial curves (linear, quadratic or occasionally cubic), together with guidelines for when and how to apply a logarithmic transformation to the variable analysed, testing for departures from normality, and assessment of the adequacy of the reference range which is constructed from the regression line plus or minus a multiple of the standard deviation. Standard statistical packages may be used to carry out the calculations. The question of comparing two or more groups of patients is addressed. Three examples are discussed in detail.
医学中常常需要考虑时间因素（如年龄）的参考范围，但目前缺乏构建这些范围的简单、系统且高效的统计方法。本文描述了一种基于低阶多项式曲线（线性、二次或偶尔三次）的方法，以及关于何时以及如何对分析变量进行对数变换、检验数据是否偏离正态分布，以及评估由回归线加减标准差倍数构建的参考范围是否合适的指导原则。可以使用标准统计软件包进行计算。文中还讨论了比较两组或多组患者的问题。详细讨论了三个示例。
