Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2010 Oct;31(10):463-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2010.06.008. Epub 2010 Aug 3.
Like human children, most young mammals devote a significant amount of time and energy playing together, and social play is fun. Although social play is very pleasurable, it is more than just a frivolous activity: it is crucial for the development of behavioral flexibility, the acquisition of social and cognitive competence, and the maintenance of group cohesion. Social play is a natural reinforcer, and the neurotransmitter systems intimately implicated in the motivational, pleasurable and cognitive aspects of natural and drug rewards, such as opioids, endocannabinoids, dopamine and norepinephrine, play an important modulatory role in the performance of social play. In this review, we address the notion that social play is rewarding, and discuss recent developments in the neuropharmacology of this behavior. This provides a framework to understand how the brain processes social emotions, to make young individuals enjoy social play.
与人类儿童一样,大多数幼年哺乳动物会花大量时间和精力一起玩耍,并且社交游戏是有趣的。尽管社交游戏非常愉快,但它不仅仅是一种消遣活动:它对行为灵活性的发展、社交和认知能力的获得以及群体凝聚力的维持至关重要。社交游戏是一种天然的强化物,而在动机、愉悦和认知方面与天然和药物奖赏(如阿片类物质、内源性大麻素、多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素)密切相关的神经递质系统,在社交游戏的表现中发挥着重要的调节作用。在这篇综述中,我们探讨了社交游戏具有奖赏性这一概念,并讨论了这种行为的神经药理学的最新进展。这为理解大脑如何处理社交情绪提供了一个框架,使年轻个体能够享受社交游戏。