Yang Baowei, Qu Dong, Shen Jinling, Xi Meili, Zhi Shuai, Cui Shenghui, Ji Baoyi, Meng Jianghong
College of Life Science, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China.
Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao. 2010 Jun;50(6):788-96.
Salmonella isolates from retail food were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility and further characterized to better understand the development and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance among foodborne Salmonella in China.
Antimicrobial susceptibility of 359 Salmonella isolates was determined by using agar dilution methods recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Antimicrobial resistance integrons and resistance genes were identified using PCR. Mutations in gyrase and Topoisomerase genes related to fluoroquinolones resistance were also determined using PCR and gene sequencing analysis.
Among the 359 Salmonellae isolates, 67% were resistant to Sulfamethoxazole, followed by resistant to trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (58%), tetracycline (56%), kanamycin (37%), nalidixic acid (35%), ampicillin (33%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (32%), streptomycin (29%), chloramphenicol and gentamicin (26%), ciprofloxacin (21%), ceftriaxone (16%), cefoxitin (9%) and cefoperazone (8%). Among the 284 resistant isolates, 79% were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, 25.9% to 10 or more than 10 antimicrobials, and 2.5% to 14 antibiotic agents. Integrons were detected in some of sulfamethoxazole-ressitant Salmonella, and the most common integron was 1.4 kb, Antimicrobial resistance genes carried by integrons included aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, tetR, blaPSE1, blaDHA1, blaVEB-1, dhfr I, dhfr V, dhfrVl and dhfr17. The blaTEM gene was also detected in 51.6% of 62 ceftriaxone and/or cefoperazone resistant isolates, and blacMY-2 was detected in 56.5% of the isolates. 13.6% of the Salmonella isolates carried Salmonella Gene Island. Sixty-eight point mutations were detected in gyrA, parC and parE of 35 fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella isolates. The common mutations in gyrA gene were Ser83Phe, Ser83Tyr, Asp87Gly and Asp87Asn, whereas ser80Arg was detected in parC. Mutations including Lys441 Ile, Lys428Gln, Asp494Asn, Lys428Gln and Gly442Ser were detected in parE, which was first reported in Salmonella.
Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella recovered from food in Shaanxi province was common. Several genetic elements including integron, Salmonella Gene Island, beta-lactamase genes and mutations in gyrase and topoisomerase genes played an important role in antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella.
对零售食品中分离出的沙门氏菌进行抗菌药物敏感性检测，并进一步进行特征分析，以更好地了解中国食源性沙门氏菌中抗菌药物耐药性的发展和传播情况。
采用临床和实验室标准协会推荐的琼脂稀释法，测定359株沙门氏菌的抗菌药物敏感性。使用聚合酶链反应（PCR）鉴定抗菌药物耐药整合子和耐药基因。还通过PCR和基因测序分析，确定与氟喹诺酮类耐药相关的gyrase和拓扑异构酶基因的突变情况。
在359株沙门氏菌分离株中，67%对磺胺甲恶唑耐药，其次是对甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲恶唑（58%）、四环素（56%）、卡那霉素（37%）、萘啶酸（35%）、氨苄西林（33%）、阿莫西林/克拉维酸（32%）、链霉素（29%）、氯霉素和庆大霉素（26%）、环丙沙星（21%）、头孢曲松（16%）、头孢西丁（9%）和头孢哌酮（8%）耐药。在284株耐药分离株中，79%对至少一种抗菌药物耐药，25.9%对10种或10种以上抗菌药物耐药，2.5%对14种抗菌药物耐药。在部分磺胺甲恶唑耐药的沙门氏菌中检测到整合子，最常见的整合子为1.4 kb，整合子携带的抗菌药物耐药基因包括aadA1、aadA2、aadA5、tetR、blaPSE1、blaDHA1、blaVEB-1、dhfr I、dhfr V、dhfrVl和dhfr17。在62株对头孢曲松和/或头孢哌酮耐药的分离株中，51.6%检测到blaTEM基因，56.5%的分离株检测到blacMY-2基因。13.6%的沙门氏菌分离株携带沙门氏菌基因岛。在35株氟喹诺酮耐药的沙门氏菌分离株的gyrA、parC和parE中检测到68个点突变。gyrA基因的常见突变有Ser83Phe、Ser83Tyr、Asp87Gly和Asp87Asn，而parC中检测到ser80Arg。在parE中检测到包括Lys441 Ile、Lys428Gln、Asp494Asn、Lys428Gln和Gly442Ser在内的突变，这在沙门氏菌中首次报道。
陕西省食品中分离出的沙门氏菌抗菌药物耐药情况普遍。整合子、沙门氏菌基因岛、β-内酰胺酶基因以及gyrase和拓扑异构酶基因的突变等多种遗传元件在沙门氏菌的抗菌药物耐药性中发挥了重要作用。
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