Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010 Dec;51(12):6140-8. doi: 10.1167/iovs.10-5234. Epub 2010 Aug 4.
To evaluate the refractive status and optical components in school age children born prematurely and to examine the risk factors associated with refractive errors.
The participants were a cohort of children aged 7 to 9 years with gestational age less than 35 weeks or birth weight less than 1500 g. The participants' neonatal histories were reviewed; their refractive status and optical components were measured. The study results were compared with the results of age-matched children from a national survey.
Of the 108 children studied, 48 (44%) had retinopathy of prematurity (ROP); 29 (27%) had ROP ≥ stage 3. Compared with the control subjects, the study cases showed higher prevalence of myopia (48% vs. 29%), hyperopia (23% vs. 15%), and astigmatism (73% vs. 41%). Common ocular features included shallow anterior chamber depth (ACD), thick lenses, and steep corneal curvature. The hyperopic cases had the shortest axial length (AL), whereas the myopia cases had significantly shallower ACD and greater LT. Those with a history of ROP had more prominent changes in the anterior segment. Generalized estimating equations showed that refractive errors could be predicted by a combination of optical components.
In children born prematurely, the development of myopia is mainly influenced by anterior segment components, whereas hyperopia is mainly attributable to short AL. Astigmatism is primarily cornea-related. A combination of various optical components results in complicated refractive outcomes. The presence of ROP may be associated with significantly shorter ACD, thicker lens, and higher myopia and astigmatism. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01045616.).
评估早产儿学龄儿童的屈光状态和光学成分，并研究与屈光不正相关的危险因素。
研究对象为胎龄<35 周或出生体重<1500 g 的 7~9 岁儿童。回顾其新生儿期病史，测量其屈光状态和光学成分。并将研究结果与全国性调查中年龄匹配儿童的结果进行比较。
在 108 名研究对象中，48 名（44%）患有早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）；29 名（27%）患有 ROP≥3 期。与对照组相比，研究病例组的近视患病率更高（48% vs. 29%），远视患病率更高（23% vs. 15%），散光患病率更高（73% vs. 41%）。常见的眼部特征包括浅前房深度（ACD）、厚晶状体和陡峭的角膜曲率。远视病例的眼轴（AL）最短，而近视病例的 ACD 明显较浅，LT 较大。有 ROP 病史的患者前节改变更为明显。广义估计方程显示，屈光不正可由多种光学成分的组合来预测。
在早产儿中，近视的发展主要受前段成分的影响，而远视主要归因于短的 AL。散光主要与角膜有关。各种光学成分的组合导致复杂的屈光结果。ROP 的存在可能与明显较浅的 ACD、较厚的晶状体以及更高的近视和散光有关。（临床试验注册号：NCT01045616.）。
