Palacios Institute of Women's Health, Madrid, Spain.
Climacteric. 2010 Oct;13(5):419-28. doi: 10.3109/13697137.2010.507886.
To describe differences in the age of onset of menopause and in the prevalence of climacteric symptoms in different geographical areas.
Systematic review of published data on onset of menopause and symptoms in Europe, North America, Latin America and Asia.
We identified publications by searching electronic databases, including MEDLINE (1966-October 2009) and EMBASE (1975-October 2009). Primary search criteria were age of menopause and climacteric symptoms. A sensitive analysis that excluded papers without full data was performed.
The median age at menopause in Europe ranges from 50.1 to 52.8 years, in North America from 50.5 to 51.4 years, in Latin America from 43.8 to 53 years, and in Asia from 42.1 to 49.5 years. The frequency of vasomotor symptoms varies widely depending on the geographical region, selection of criteria, and method of symptom identification. The prevalence of such symptoms ranges from 74% of women in Europe, 36-50% in North America, 45-69% in Latin America and 22-63% in Asia, as reported in different, large, epidemiological studies.
There are wide geographical differences in the prevalence of menopausal symptomatology and some differences in the age of onset of menopause. Both in Asia and Latin America, women of poorer socioeconomic status have significantly earlier onset of menopause. Within a geographical region, there are ethnic differences in menopause symptoms. Given differences in study methodologies, firm conclusions are not possible. However, regional differences in age at menopause and in climacteric symptoms are important to acknowledge and lay the foundation for an informed approach to the management of menopause and an understanding of its impact on women's health in the different regions of the world.
描述不同地理区域绝经年龄和更年期症状发生率的差异。
对欧洲、北美、拉丁美洲和亚洲发表的绝经年龄和症状数据进行系统综述。
通过检索电子数据库（包括 MEDLINE[1966 年至 2009 年 10 月]和 EMBASE[1975 年至 2009 年 10 月]），确定相关出版物。主要检索词包括绝经年龄和更年期症状。对没有提供完整数据的文献进行了敏感性分析。
欧洲的绝经年龄中位数为 50.1-52.8 岁，北美的为 50.5-51.4 岁，拉丁美洲的为 43.8-53 岁，亚洲的为 42.1-49.5 岁。血管舒缩症状的发生频率因地理位置、选择的标准和症状识别方法而有很大差异。这些症状的发生率在不同的、大型的流行病学研究中报告在欧洲为 74%的女性，在北美为 36-50%，在拉丁美洲为 45-69%，在亚洲为 22-63%。
绝经症状的流行存在广泛的地理差异，绝经年龄也存在一些差异。在亚洲和拉丁美洲，社会经济地位较低的女性绝经年龄明显更早。在一个地理区域内，不同种族的女性在绝经症状方面存在差异。由于研究方法存在差异，无法得出确切的结论。但是，在不同的地理区域，绝经年龄和更年期症状的差异是重要的，这为制定管理绝经的方法和理解绝经对世界各地妇女健康的影响奠定了基础。
