Research Centre for Environmental Quality Management, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga 520-0811, Japan.
Chemosphere. 2010 Sep;81(1):13-7. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.07.023. Epub 2010 Aug 9.
We investigated the occurrence and fate of the two antiviral drugs oseltamivir carboxylate (OC)-the active metabolite of Tamiflu-and amantadine (AMT) at three sewage treatment plants (STPs) during the 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 influenza seasons in Japan. Both compounds were detected in all samples analyzed. The concentrations in raw influents at the STPs ranged from 140 to 460 ng L(-1) OC and from 184 to 538 ng L(-1) AMT. Primary treatment gave no substantial removal of the drugs (OC, 2-9%; AMT, 7-17%). Biological nutrient-removal-based secondary treatment (anoxic-oxic-anoxic-oxic and anaerobic-anoxic-oxic) removed 20-37% of OC, whereas extended-aeration-based conventional activated sludge treatment removed <20%. STPs using primary plus biological secondary treatment removed <50% of the drugs. The incorporation of tertiary treatment by ozonation removed >90%. Ozonation after secondary treatment in STPs will be necessary during an influenza pandemic to reduce the risks associated with the widespread use of antiviral drugs.
我们在日本 2008-2009 年和 2009-2010 年流感季节期间，在三个污水处理厂（STP）调查了两种抗病毒药物奥司他韦羧酸（OC）-达菲的活性代谢物-和金刚烷胺（AMT）的发生和归宿。所有分析的样本中均检测到这两种化合物。STP 原进水的浓度范围为 OC 140-460ng/L 和 AMT 184-538ng/L。初级处理对药物的去除效果不明显（OC，2-9%；AMT，7-17%）。基于生物营养物去除的二级处理（缺氧-好氧-缺氧-好氧和厌氧-缺氧-好氧）去除了 20-37%的 OC，而基于扩展曝气的传统活性污泥处理去除了<20%。采用初级加生物二级处理的 STP 去除了<50%的药物。臭氧三级处理的加入去除了>90%。在流感大流行期间，STP 中的二级处理后需要进行臭氧处理，以降低广泛使用抗病毒药物带来的风险。
