Saccà Maria Ludovica, Accinelli Cesare, Fick Jerker, Lindberg Richard, Olsen Björn
Department of Agro-Environmental Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
Chemosphere. 2009 Mar;75(1):28-33. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.11.060. Epub 2009 Jan 4.
The antiviral drug Tamiflu (Oseltamivir Phosphate, OP), has been indicated by the World Health Organization as a first-line defense in case of an avian influenza pandemic. Recent studies have demonstrated that Oseltamivir Carboxylate (OC), the active metabolite of the prodrug OP, has the potential to be released into water bodies. The present laboratory study focused on basic processes governing the environmental fate of OC in surface water from two contrasting aquatic ecosystems of northern Italy, the River Po and the Venice lagoon. Results of this study confirmed the potential of OC to persist in surface water. However, addition of 5% of sediments resulted in rapid OC degradation. Estimated half-life of OC in water/sediment of the River Po was 15 days. After three weeks of incubation at 20 degrees C, more than 8% of (14)C-OC evolved as (14)CO(2) from water/sediment samples of the River Po and Venice lagoon. At the end of the 21-day incubation period, more than 65% of the (14)C-residues were recovered from the liquid phase of both Po and Venice water/sediment samples. OC was moderately retained onto coarse sediments from the two sites. In water/sediment samples of the River Po and Venice lagoon treated with (14)C-OC, more than 30% of the (14)C-residues remained water-extractable after three weeks of incubation. The low affinity of OC to sediments suggests that presence of sediments would not reduce its bioavailability to microbial degradation.
抗病毒药物达菲（磷酸奥司他韦，OP）已被世界卫生组织指定为应对禽流感大流行的一线防御药物。最近的研究表明，前药OP的活性代谢产物奥司他韦羧酸盐（OC）有可能释放到水体中。本实验室研究聚焦于意大利北部两个截然不同的水生生态系统——波河和威尼斯潟湖表层水中OC的环境归宿所涉及的基本过程。这项研究的结果证实了OC在表层水中持续存在的可能性。然而，添加5%的沉积物会导致OC迅速降解。在波河的水/沉积物中，OC的估计半衰期为15天。在20摄氏度下孵育三周后，波河和威尼斯潟湖的水/沉积物样本中超过8%的（14）C-OC以（14）CO₂的形式逸出。在21天的孵育期结束时，从波河和威尼斯水/沉积物样本的液相中回收了超过65%的（14）C残留物。OC在这两个地点的粗沉积物上有适度的保留。在用（14）C-OC处理的波河和威尼斯潟湖的水/沉积物样本中，孵育三周后超过30%的（14）C残留物仍可被水提取。OC对沉积物的低亲和力表明，沉积物的存在不会降低其对微生物降解的生物可利用性。
