Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
Nanomedicine. 2011 Feb;7(1):50-9. doi: 10.1016/j.nano.2010.07.004. Epub 2010 Aug 6.
Effective nerve regeneration and functional recovery subsequent to peripheral nerve injury is still a clinical challenge. Autologous nerve graft transplantation is a feasible treatment in several clinical cases, but it is limited by donor site morbidity and insufficient donor tissue, impairing complete functional recovery. Tissue engineering has introduced innovative approaches to promote and guide peripheral nerve regeneration by using biomimetic conduits creating favorable microenvironments for nervous ingrowth, but despite the development of a plethora of nerve prostheses, few approaches have as yet entered the clinic. Promising strategies using nanotechnology have recently been proposed, such as the use of scaffolds with functionalized cell-binding domains, the use of guidance channels with cell-scale internally oriented fibers, and the possibility of sustained release of neurotrophic factors. This review addresses the fabrication, advantages, drawbacks, and results achieved by the most recent nanotechnology approaches in view of future solutions for peripheral nerve repair.
Peripheral nerve repair strategies are very limited despite numerous advances on the field of neurosciences and regenerative medicine. This review discusses nanotechnology based strategies including scaffolds with functionalized cell binding domains, the use of guidance channels, and the potential use of sustained release neurotropic factors.
外周神经损伤后有效的神经再生和功能恢复仍然是一个临床挑战。自体神经移植在一些临床病例中是一种可行的治疗方法，但它受到供体部位发病率和供体组织不足的限制，妨碍了完全的功能恢复。组织工程学通过使用仿生导管为神经生长创造有利的微环境，为促进和指导外周神经再生引入了创新方法，但尽管神经假体的发展层出不穷，目前仍很少有方法进入临床应用。最近提出了一些有前途的纳米技术策略，例如使用具有功能化细胞结合域的支架、使用具有细胞级内部取向纤维的导向通道，以及神经生长因子持续释放的可能性。鉴于外周神经修复的未来解决方案，本综述讨论了最近纳米技术方法的制造、优点、缺点和所取得的成果。
尽管神经科学和再生医学领域取得了众多进展，但外周神经修复策略仍非常有限。本综述讨论了基于纳米技术的策略，包括具有功能化细胞结合域的支架、使用导向通道以及潜在使用持续释放神经营养因子。
