Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2011 Jan;39(1):95-107. doi: 10.1007/s10802-010-9448-4.
This study examined the moderating effects of family conflict and gender on the relationship between community violence and psychosocial development at age 18. The study sample consisted of 728 children and families who were part of the Infant Health and Development Program study of low-birth-weight, pre-term infants. In this sample, adolescent psychosocial outcomes were predicted by community violence differently for male and female children and based on their experiences of conflict at home. For male children, being in a high conflict family as a child exacerbated the negative effects of community violence such that internalizing problems (depression and anxiety) and risk-taking behaviors increased as community violence increased, while being in a low conflict family protected the child against the negative impacts of the community. For female adolescents, there were no moderating effects of family conflict on the relationship between community violence and externalizing problems. Moderating effects for internalizing problems demonstrated that being in low conflict families did not serve as protection against community violence for girls as was demonstrated for boys. These findings demonstrate the long-term effects of community violence on child development, highlighting the importance of gender and family context in the development of internalizing and externalizing problems.
本研究考察了家庭冲突和性别在社区暴力与 18 岁时心理社会发展之间关系上的调节作用。研究样本包括来自低出生体重、早产儿婴儿的婴儿健康与发展计划研究的 728 名儿童及其家庭。在这个样本中，青少年心理社会结果因社区暴力对男童和女童的影响不同，以及他们在家中经历的冲突程度不同而有所不同。对于男童来说，儿童时期处于高冲突家庭会加剧社区暴力的负面影响，使得内化问题（抑郁和焦虑）和冒险行为随着社区暴力的增加而增加，而处于低冲突家庭则可以保护儿童免受社区负面影响。对于女性青少年来说，家庭冲突对社区暴力与外化问题之间的关系没有调节作用。对于内化问题的调节作用表明，对于女孩来说，低冲突家庭并不能像对男孩那样起到免受社区暴力的保护作用。这些发现表明了社区暴力对儿童发展的长期影响，强调了性别和家庭背景在内外化问题发展中的重要性。
