Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
Curr Drug Deliv. 2010 Oct;7(4):283-96. doi: 10.2174/156720110793360612.
Skin disease (dermatological conditions') affects at least one-third of the US population and has been cited as one of the top 15 medical conditions for which prevalence and healthcare spending increased in the last decade. The outcome of topical dermatological drug treatment is significantly influenced by the choice of vehicle or delivery system. Advancements in the life sciences coupled with a growing market for dermatologicals have facilitated the emergence of improved topical formulations and drug delivery systems. The current and emerging approaches of optimizing the topical delivery of dermatological agents (small and large molecules) include the use of chemical enhancers, bio-polymers (e.g. sodium hyaluronate), liposomes, particulate carriers (microspheres and lipid nanoparticles), topical sprays and foams, occlusion (via dressings and patches) topical peels, temperature (heat), iontophoresis, and ultrasound. These delivery approaches (when used solely or in a synergistic manner) are a significant improvement over conventional systems (creams, lotions, ointments and pastes) and have the potential to enhance efficacy and tolerability, improve patient compliance (including dermatology life quality), and also fulfil other unmet needs of the topical dermatological market.
皮肤病（皮肤状况）影响了至少三分之一的美国人口，并且被列为过去十年中发病率和医疗支出增加的前 15 种医疗状况之一。局部皮肤科药物治疗的结果受载体或传递系统的选择的显著影响。生命科学的进步，加上皮肤科市场的增长，促进了改进的局部制剂和药物传递系统的出现。优化皮肤科药物（小分子和大分子）局部递药的当前和新兴方法包括使用化学增强剂、生物聚合物（如透明质酸钠）、脂质体、颗粒载体（微球和脂质纳米粒）、局部喷雾剂和泡沫剂、闭塞（通过敷贴和贴剂）、局部脱皮、温度（加热）、离子电渗疗法和超声。这些传递方法（单独使用或协同使用）与传统系统（乳膏、洗剂、软膏和糊剂）相比有了显著的改进，并且有可能提高疗效和耐受性，提高患者顺应性（包括皮肤病生活质量），并满足局部皮肤科市场的其他未满足需求。
