Brunnemann K D, Hoffmann D
Naylor Dana Institute for Disease Prevention, American Health Foundation, Valhalla, NY 10595.
Crit Rev Toxicol. 1991;21(4):235-40. doi: 10.3109/10408449109017910.
Chemical-analytical studies have led to the identification of approximately 3000 compounds in tobacco and 4000 in tobacco smoke. These include carcinogens in processed tobacco as well as tumor initiators, tumor promoters, cocarcinogens, and organ-specific carcinogens in tobacco smoke. The latter group includes N-nitrosamines, in particular those that derive from nicotine and other tobacco alkaloids, the TSNA. In vitro nitrosation of nicotine yields NNN, NNA, and NNK. Nitrosation of other tobacco alkaloids leads to the formation of NAT, and NAB. Our analytical studies using GC-TEA have led to the identification of seven TSNA in tobacco and tobacco smoke. In addition to NNN, NAT, NAB, and NNK, we also identified NNAL, iso-NNAL, and, most recently, iso-NNAC. Their levels range from 0.01 to 92 ppm in tobacco and from 6 to 530 ng/cigarette in tobacco smoke. The high levels observed in snuff are primarily due to fermentation and aging. Technological methods exist today to reduce the levels of TSNA in both tobacco and cigarette smoke.
化学分析研究已鉴定出烟草中约3000种化合物以及烟草烟雾中4000种化合物。这些化合物包括加工烟草中的致癌物以及烟草烟雾中的肿瘤引发剂、肿瘤促进剂、协同致癌物和器官特异性致癌物。后一组包括N-亚硝胺，特别是那些源自尼古丁和其他烟草生物碱的N-亚硝胺，即烟草特有亚硝胺。尼古丁的体外亚硝化产生NNN、NNA和NNK。其他烟草生物碱的亚硝化导致NAT和NAB的形成。我们使用气相色谱-热解吸仪的分析研究已鉴定出烟草和烟草烟雾中的七种烟草特有亚硝胺。除了NNN、NAT、NAB和NNK外，我们还鉴定出NNAL、异NNAL，以及最近发现的异NNAC。它们在烟草中的含量范围为0.01至92 ppm，在烟草烟雾中的含量为6至530 ng/支香烟。鼻烟中观察到的高含量主要归因于发酵和陈化。如今存在一些技术方法来降低烟草和卷烟烟雾中烟草特有亚硝胺的含量。
