Kulkosky P J, Foderaro M A, Sandoval S L, Cesar S S, Marrinan D A
Department of Psychology, University of Southern Colorado, Pueblo 81001-4901.
Alcohol. 1991 May-Jun;8(3):223-7. doi: 10.1016/0741-8329(91)90886-2.
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a brain-gut neuropeptide and hormone previously shown to inhibit alcohol intake in water- or food-deprived rats. The effects of CCK and the phase of lighting cycle on alcohol intake in rats were investigated in a comparison of limited access and water-restriction procedures. The limited access procedure (LAP) is a recently developed technique for inducing free-choice alcohol consumption in nondeprived animals. Two groups of 12 male rats each were maintained in either normal or reversed 12:12 L:D lighting cycles and simultaneously given 40 minutes' access to 6% w/v ethanol and water in nonhome cages. After adaptation to this procedure, CCK octapeptide (0.5-16 micrograms/kg) was injected IP prior to access to fluids. During LAP, CCK reduced alcohol intake and increased water intake more potently in the dark phase. These effects of CCK were more reliable when the design was replicated, which suggests the importance of acquired expectancies for the development of CCK's actions. CCK more effectively reduced alcohol intake in LAP, than in a 23.3-h water-deprivation procedure for inducing alcohol intake in a 2-bottle choice test with water. However, CCK was less so effective in LAP, than in the water-deprivation procedure when alcohol was presented alone in a 1-bottle test. The alcohol satiation effect of CCK is independent of prior deprivation and not an artifact of thirst reduction, debilitation, or conditioned aversion, because CCK strongly increased water intake in the limited access procedure, and ethanol preference remained robust after experience with CCK. CCK may operate endogenously as a specific factor in satiation with ethanol.
胆囊收缩素（CCK）是一种脑肠神经肽和激素，此前已证明它能抑制水或食物缺乏的大鼠的酒精摄入量。在比较限时摄入和限水程序的过程中，研究了CCK和光照周期阶段对大鼠酒精摄入量的影响。限时摄入程序（LAP）是一种最近开发的技术，用于诱导非剥夺动物自由选择饮用酒精。两组各12只雄性大鼠分别维持在正常或颠倒的12:12光照-黑暗周期中，并同时在非饲养笼中给予40分钟饮用6%（w/v）乙醇和水的机会。适应此程序后，在接触液体前腹腔注射CCK八肽（0.5 - 16微克/千克）。在LAP期间，CCK在黑暗阶段更有效地减少了酒精摄入量并增加了水摄入量。当重复该设计时，CCK的这些作用更可靠，这表明习得性预期对CCK作用的发展很重要。与在两瓶选择试验中诱导酒精摄入的23.3小时限水程序相比，CCK在LAP中更有效地减少了酒精摄入量。然而，在单瓶试验中单独呈现酒精时，CCK在LAP中的效果不如在限水程序中。CCK的酒精饱腹感效应与先前的剥夺无关，也不是口渴减轻、虚弱或条件性厌恶的假象，因为CCK在限时摄入程序中强烈增加了水摄入量，并且在经历CCK后乙醇偏好仍然很强。CCK可能作为乙醇饱腹感的一种内源性特定因素发挥作用。
