Thormar Sigridur Bjork, Gersons Berthold Paul Rudolf, Juen Barbara, Marschang Adelheid, Djakababa Maria Nelden, Olff Miranda
Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychological Trauma, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 2010 Aug;198(8):529-38. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181ea1fa9.
This article reviews the literature on mental health of volunteers after working in disasters. When mobilized they often are a community's major source for rescue and recovery. PsychINFO, PubMED, and Web of Science were searched for relevant articles published until October 2009. Of 448 articles screened, only 9 articles fulfilled our inclusion criteria. They examined the aftermath of earthquakes (4 articles), terrorist bombings (1), explosions (1), aviation disasters (1), tsunami (1), and a bus accident (1).Findings showed that, compared with professional workers, volunteers tend to have higher complaint levels. The following factors were found to contribute to mental health complaints of volunteers: Identification with victims as a friend, severity of exposure to gruesome events during disaster work, anxiety sensitivity, and lack of postdisaster social support. The review reveals the need for more research regarding predictors of stress in volunteers.
本文回顾了关于志愿者在参与灾难救援工作后的心理健康状况的文献。在被动员时，他们往往是社区救援和恢复工作的主要力量。通过检索PsychINFO、PubMed和科学网，查找截至2009年10月发表的相关文章。在筛选的448篇文章中，只有9篇符合我们的纳入标准。这些文章研究了地震（4篇）、恐怖爆炸（1篇）、爆炸（1篇）、航空灾难（1篇）、海啸（1篇）和一起公交车事故（1篇）的后果。研究结果表明，与专业工作人员相比，志愿者往往有更高的投诉水平。以下因素被发现会导致志愿者的心理健康问题：将受害者视为朋友的认同感、在灾难工作中接触可怕事件的严重程度、焦虑敏感性以及灾后社会支持的缺乏。该综述揭示了需要对志愿者压力的预测因素进行更多研究。
