Osterlind A
Danish Cancer Registry, Copenhagen.
Curr Opin Oncol. 1991 Apr;3(2):355-9.
The incidence of malignant melanoma has increased five- to sixfold during the last 40 years in white populations. Recent epidemiologic investigations have disclosed intermittent, intense sun exposure as a major risk factor. Exposure in childhood seems especially noxious. Number of nevi is another independent risk factor, but characteristics such as irregular border, pigmentation, and accentuated skin margins did not have significant influence in a French hospital-based study. A Canadian survey including 1146 children suggests that the number of nevi may be related to previous intermittent sun exposure, as well as to other melanoma risk factors such as skin complexion, propensity to burn, and tendency to freckle. Recent research in nonmelanoma skin cancer corroborates current viewpoints of significant underreporting and genuinely increasing incidence rates, supposed to be caused by increased lifelong sun exposure due to changes in lifestyle.
在过去40年中，白人群体中恶性黑色素瘤的发病率增长了五到六倍。最近的流行病学调查发现，间歇性强烈日晒是一个主要风险因素。儿童时期的日晒似乎尤其有害。痣的数量是另一个独立的风险因素，但在一项基于法国医院的研究中，诸如边界不规则、色素沉着和皮肤边缘突出等特征并没有显著影响。一项涵盖1146名儿童的加拿大调查表明，痣的数量可能与之前的间歇性日晒有关，也与其他黑色素瘤风险因素有关，如肤色、晒伤倾向和雀斑形成倾向。最近对非黑色素瘤皮肤癌的研究证实了目前关于报告严重不足和发病率真正上升的观点，据认为这是由于生活方式的改变导致终生日晒增加所致。
