Biology Department, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, B4P 2R6 Canada.
J Fish Biol. 2010 Aug;77(3):435-67. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02673.x.
One model for marine migration of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar proposes that North American and southern European stocks (<62 degrees N) move directly to feeding grounds off west Greenland, then overwinter in the Labrador Sea, whereas northern European stocks (>62 degrees N) utilize the Norwegian Sea. An alternate model proposes that both North American and European stocks migrate in the North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre (NASpG) where S. salar enter the NASpG on their respective sides of the Atlantic, and travel counterclockwise within the NASpG until returning to natal rivers. A review of data accumulated during the last 50 years suggests a gyre model is most probable. Freshwater parr metamorphose into smolts which have morphological, physiological and behavioural adaptations of epipelagic, marine fishes. Former high-seas fisheries were seasonally sequential and moved in the direction of NASpG currents, and catches were highest along the main axis of the NASpG. Marking and discrimination studies indicate mixed continental origin feeding aggregations on both sides of the Atlantic. Marked North American smolts were captured off Norway, the Faroe Islands, east and west Greenland, and adults tagged at the Faroes were recovered in Canadian rivers. Marked European smolts were recovered off Newfoundland and Labrador, west and east Greenland, and adults tagged in the Labrador Sea were captured in European rivers. High Caesium-137 ((137)Cs) levels in S. salar returning to a Quebec river suggested 62.3% had fed at or east of Iceland, whereas levels in 1 sea-winter (SW) Atlantic Canada returnees indicated 24.7% had fed east of the Faroes. Lower levels of (137)Cs in returning 1SW Irish fish suggest much of their growth occurred in the western Atlantic. These data suggest marine migration of S. salar follows a gyre model and is similar to other open-ocean migrations of epipelagic fishes.
一种关于大西洋鲑鱼（Salmo salar）的海洋洄游模式认为，北美和南欧种群（<62 度 N）直接游向格陵兰西部的觅食区，然后在拉布拉多海越冬，而北欧种群（>62 度 N）则利用挪威海。另一种模式则认为，北美和欧洲的种群都在北大西洋副热带环流（NASpG）中洄游，大西洋鲑鱼在各自的大西洋一侧进入 NaspG，并在 NaspG 内逆时针游动，直到回到出生的河流。对过去 50 年积累的数据进行回顾表明，环流模型最有可能。淡水幼鱼变态为幼鲑，具有上层海洋鱼类的形态、生理和行为适应性。以前的公海渔业是季节性的，顺着 NaspG 洋流移动，而渔获量最高的是在 NaspG 的主轴线附近。标记和鉴别研究表明，在大西洋两岸都有混合的大陆起源的觅食群。标记的北美幼鲑在挪威、法罗群岛、东西格陵兰被捕获，在法罗群岛标记的成年鱼在加拿大的河流中被捕获。标记的欧洲幼鲑在纽芬兰和拉布拉多、东西格陵兰被捕获，在拉布拉多海标记的成年鱼在欧洲的河流中被捕获。一条魁北克河流中的鲑鱼返回时体内的高放射性铯-137((137)Cs)水平表明，62.3%的鲑鱼在冰岛或其东部觅食，而在 1 个大西洋加拿大的洄游鲑鱼中，有 24.7%的鲑鱼在法罗群岛以东觅食。返回的 1 个大西洋洄游爱尔兰鲑鱼体内的(137)Cs 水平较低，表明它们的大部分生长发生在西大西洋。这些数据表明，大西洋鲑鱼的海洋洄游遵循环流模型，与其他上层海洋鱼类的洄游相似。
