Prosser J I, Tough A J
University of Liverpool, England.
Crit Rev Biotechnol. 1991;10(4):253-74. doi: 10.3109/07388559109038211.
Filamentous microorganisms are of major biotechnological importance, being responsible for production of the majority of secondary metabolites, particularly antibiotics. Two main groups are involved, filamentous fungi and filamentous actinomycetes, particularly the streptomycetes. In terms of cellular growth mechanisms, these groups differ greatly. Eukaryotic fungi possess subcellular organelles and cytoskeletal structures directing growth while prokaryotic streptomycetes have no such cellular organization. Despite these fundamental differences, both groups exhibit similar morphologies, growth patterns, growth forms, and hyphal and mycelial growth kinetics on solid media and in liquid culture both grow as dispersed mycelia and pellets. The article therefore discusses the relationship between cellular growth mechanisms and vegetative growth in both filamentous fungi and actinomycetes, the conceptual and theoretical models applicable to both groups, and the significance of such models in industrial fermentation processes.
丝状微生物具有重大的生物技术重要性，它们负责产生大多数次级代谢产物，尤其是抗生素。主要涉及两个类群，丝状真菌和丝状放线菌，特别是链霉菌。就细胞生长机制而言，这些类群差异很大。真核真菌拥有指导生长的亚细胞器和细胞骨架结构，而原核链霉菌则没有这样的细胞组织。尽管存在这些根本差异，但这两个类群在固体培养基上都表现出相似的形态、生长模式、生长形式以及菌丝和菌丝体生长动力学，并且在液体培养中都以分散的菌丝体和菌球形式生长。因此，本文讨论了丝状真菌和放线菌的细胞生长机制与营养生长之间的关系、适用于这两个类群的概念和理论模型，以及这些模型在工业发酵过程中的意义。
