Common scrotal and testicular problems.

Scrotal and testicular problems range from the benign and painless to the malignant and debilitating. The primary care physician should be able to triage these problems and know when to give reassurance and when to initiate a targeted workup that may lead to specialist intervention. This article focuses on scrotal pain and palpable abnormalities. Scrotal pain includes well-defined acute causes such as torsion and infection and the less well-defined chronic orchialgia. Palpable abnormalities covered here include cryptorchidism, hydrocele, spermatocele, varicocele, and testicular cancer.