Holtzman Nicholas S, Vazire Simine, Mehl Matthias R
Washington University in St. Louis.
J Res Pers. 2010 Aug 1;44(4):478-484. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2010.06.001.
Little is known about narcissists' everyday behavior. The goal of this study was to describe how narcissism is manifested in everyday life. Using the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR), we obtained naturalistic behavior from participants' everyday lives. The results suggest that the defining characteristics of narcissism that have been established from questionnaire and laboratory-based studies are borne out in narcissists' day-to-day behaviors. Narcissists do indeed behave in more extraverted and less agreeable ways than non-narcissists, skip class more (among narcissists high in exploitativeness/entitlement only), and use more sexual language. Furthermore, we found that the link between narcissism and disagreeable behavior is strengthened when controlling for self-esteem, thus extending prior questionnaire-based findings (Paulhus, Robins, Trzesniewski, & Tracy, 2004) to observed, real-world behavior.
人们对自恋者的日常行为知之甚少。本研究的目的是描述自恋在日常生活中的表现方式。我们使用电子激活记录仪(EAR),从参与者的日常生活中获取自然行为。结果表明,通过问卷调查和基于实验室的研究确定的自恋的定义特征在自恋者的日常行为中得到了证实。自恋者的行为确实比非自恋者更外向、更不随和,逃课更多(仅在剥削性/权利欲强的自恋者中),并且使用更多的性语言。此外,我们发现,在控制自尊的情况下,自恋与不随和行为之间的联系会加强,从而将先前基于问卷调查的研究结果(Paulhus、Robins、Trzesniewski和Tracy,2004年)扩展到观察到的现实世界行为中。