Higley Kathryn A
Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Health Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-5902, USA.
Radiat Environ Biophys. 2010 Nov;49(4):645-56. doi: 10.1007/s00411-010-0326-9. Epub 2010 Aug 15.
The calculation of transfer of radionuclides from the abiotic to the biotic environment is a well-established practice in radiological assessments. Concentration ratios provide simple means to estimate radionuclide activity in biota, from measured (or estimated) radionuclide concentrations in either a food source or an abiotic component such as soil or water. They are typically reported by element, and data compilations may include information such as soil type (e.g., sand, loam, clay) and species. The data may be for multiple species at a single location, single species at multiple locations, or represent compilations from multiple sources. Recently published guidance suggests that estimates are best made using data from the same ecosystem. This paper examines this recent guidance, in the context of using measured data from within a single ecosystem and comparing results to more generic values. Results suggest that generic values may be an adequate substitute for site-specific information. It illustrates how ionic potential may be used as an alternative to group chemical properties in estimating transfer factors. Lastly, limited evidence is found to support the concept of allometric scaling functions for elemental concentrations in plants.
在放射性评估中，计算放射性核素从非生物环境向生物环境的转移是一种既定做法。浓度比提供了一种简单方法，可根据食物源或土壤、水等非生物成分中测量（或估算）的放射性核素浓度来估算生物群中的放射性核素活度。它们通常按元素报告，数据汇编可能包括土壤类型（如砂土、壤土、黏土）和物种等信息。数据可能是单个地点的多个物种的数据、多个地点的单个物种的数据，或代表多个来源的汇编数据。最近发布的指南建议，最好使用来自同一生态系统的数据进行估算。本文结合使用单个生态系统内的实测数据并将结果与更通用的值进行比较，审视了这一最新指南。结果表明，通用值可能足以替代特定地点的信息。它说明了在估算转移因子时，离子势如何可作为分组化学性质的替代方法。最后，发现支持植物中元素浓度的异速生长比例函数概念的证据有限。
