Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari e Microbiologiche, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
Biofouling. 2010 Aug;26(6):739-52. doi: 10.1080/08927014.2010.511197.
The antifoulant, zosteric acid, was synthesized using a non-patented process. Zosteric acid at 500 mg l(-1) caused a reduction of bacterial (Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus) and fungal (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium citrinum) coverage by 90% and 57%, respectively. Calculated models allowed its antifouling activity to be predicted at different concentrations. Zosteric acid counteracted the effects of some colonization-promoting factors. Bacterial and fungal wettability was not affected, but the agent increased bacterial motility by 40%. A capillary accumulation test showed that zosteric acid did not act as a chemoeffector for E. coli, but stimulated a chemotactic response. Along with enhanced swimming migration of E. coli in the presence of zosteric acid, staining showed an increased production of flagella. Reverse transcriptase-PCR revealed an increased transcriptional level of the fliC gene and isolation and quantification of flagellar proteins demonstrated a higher flagellin amount. Biofilm experiments confirmed that zosteric acid caused a significant decrease in biomass (-92%) and thickness (-54%).
防污剂，棒曲霉素，是使用非专利工艺合成的。棒曲霉素在 500mg/L 时，分别导致细菌（大肠杆菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌）和真菌（黑曲霉、桔青霉）覆盖率降低 90%和 57%。计算模型允许在不同浓度下预测其防污活性。棒曲霉素抵消了一些促进定植的因素的作用。细菌和真菌的润湿性没有受到影响，但该试剂使细菌的运动性提高了 40%。毛细管累积试验表明，棒曲霉素对大肠杆菌不起化学引诱剂的作用，但刺激了趋化反应。在棒曲霉素存在的情况下，大肠杆菌的游动迁移增强，染色显示鞭毛的产生增加。逆转录 PCR 显示 fliC 基因的转录水平增加，并且分离和定量鞭毛蛋白表明鞭毛蛋白的含量更高。生物膜实验证实，棒曲霉素导致生物量（-92%）和厚度（-54%）显著减少。
