Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2010 Nov;25(7):680-4. doi: 10.1093/arclin/acq062. Epub 2010 Aug 16.
Prospective memory (PM) refers to the ability to remember to do something in the future. This study examined the relationship between three PM subtypes, and intelligence and retrospective memory (RM) in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. The study sample comprised 110 schizophrenia patients and 110 healthy controls matched according to age, sex, and level of education. The patients' clinical condition was evaluated with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Time-, event-, and activity-based PM and RM (immediate and delayed Logical Memory subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scales-Revised), executive functioning (Design Fluency Test, Tower of London-4 disk, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test), and intelligence (Raven's Progressive Matrices) tests were administered to all participants. Correlation analyses showed time- and event-based PM to be significantly associated with RM in both the patients and controls, but with intelligence only in the patients. After controlling for covariates, only time-based PM was associated with RM in the controls and only event-based PM with intelligence in the patients. In schizophrenia, PM deficit may arise from the impairments of the retrospective components of memory.
前瞻性记忆 (PM) 是指在未来记住要做某事的能力。本研究考察了三种 PM 亚型与精神分裂症患者和健康对照组的智力和回溯记忆 (RM) 之间的关系。研究样本包括 110 名精神分裂症患者和 110 名年龄、性别和教育程度相匹配的健康对照组。患者的临床状况采用简明精神病评定量表进行评估。对所有参与者进行基于时间、事件和活动的 PM 和 RM（韦氏记忆量表修订版的即时和延迟逻辑记忆子测验）、执行功能（设计流畅性测验、伦敦塔-4 磁盘和威斯康星卡片分类测验）和智力（瑞文渐进矩阵）测试。相关分析表明，时间和事件基 PM 与患者和对照组的 RM 均显著相关，但仅与患者的智力相关。在控制协变量后，仅基于时间的 PM 与对照组的 RM 相关，仅基于事件的 PM 与患者的智力相关。在精神分裂症中，PM 缺陷可能源于记忆回溯成分的损伤。
