美国青少年听力损失的患病率变化。

Change in prevalence of hearing loss in US adolescents.

机构信息

Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.

出版信息

JAMA. 2010 Aug 18;304(7):772-8. doi: 10.1001/jama.2010.1124.

DOI:10.1001/jama.2010.1124

PMID:20716740

Abstract

CONTEXT

Hearing loss is common and, in young persons, can compromise social development, communication skills, and educational achievement.

OBJECTIVE

To examine the current prevalence of hearing loss in US adolescents and determine whether it has changed over time.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional analyses of US representative demographic and audiometric data from the 1988 through 1994 and 2005 through 2006 time periods.

SETTING

The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994, and NHANES 2005-2006.

PARTICIPANTS

NHANES III examined 2928 participants and NHANES 2005-2006 examined 1771 participants, aged 12 to 19 years.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

We calculated the prevalence of hearing loss in participants aged 12 to 19 years after accounting for the complex survey design. Audiometrically determined hearing loss was categorized as either unilateral or bilateral for low frequency (0.5, 1, and 2 kHz) or high frequency (3, 4, 6, and 8 kHz), and as slight loss (> 15 to < 25 dB) or mild or greater loss (> or = 25 dB) according to hearing sensitivity in the worse ear. The prevalence of hearing loss from NHANES 2005-2006 was compared with the prevalence from NHANES III (1988-1994). We also examined the cross-sectional relations between several potential risk factors and hearing loss. Logistic regression was used to calculate multivariate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS

The prevalence of any hearing loss increased significantly from 14.9% (95% CI, 13.0%-16.9%) in 1988-1994 to 19.5% (95% CI, 15.2%-23.8%) in 2005-2006 (P = .02). In 2005-2006, hearing loss was more commonly unilateral (prevalence, 14.0%; 95% CI, 10.4%-17.6%, vs 11.1%; 95% CI, 9.5%-12.8% in 1988-1994; P = .005) and involved the high frequencies (prevalence, 16.4%; 95% CI, 13.2%-19.7%, vs 12.8%; 95% CI, 11.1%-14.5% in 1988-1994; P = .02). Individuals from families below the federal poverty threshold (prevalence, 23.6%; 95% CI, 18.5%-28.7%) had significantly higher odds of hearing loss (multivariate adjusted OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.10-2.32) than those above the threshold (prevalence, 18.4%; 95% CI, 13.6%-23.2%).

CONCLUSION

The prevalence of hearing loss among a sample of US adolescents aged 12 to 19 years was greater in 2005-2006 compared with 1988-1994.

摘要

背景

听力损失在年轻人中很常见，可能会影响社交发展、沟通技巧和教育成就。

目的

检查美国青少年听力损失的当前流行率，并确定其是否随时间发生了变化。

设计

对来自 1988 年至 1994 年和 2005 年至 2006 年两个时期的美国代表性人口统计学和听力数据进行横断面分析。

地点

第三次国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES III），1988-1994 年；和 NHANES 2005-2006 年。

参与者

NHANES III 检查了 2928 名参与者，NHANES 2005-2006 年检查了 1771 名年龄在 12 至 19 岁的参与者。

主要观察指标

我们计算了 12 至 19 岁参与者在考虑到复杂调查设计后听力损失的流行率。根据较差耳朵的听力灵敏度，通过听力计确定的听力损失分为低频（0.5、1 和 2 kHz）或高频（3、4、6 和 8 kHz）的单侧或双侧，并分为轻度或更严重损失（> 15 至 < 25 dB）或轻度或更严重损失（≥ 25 dB）。与 NHANES III（1988-1994 年）相比，比较了 NHANES 2005-2006 年听力损失的流行率。我们还检查了几种潜在风险因素与听力损失之间的横断面关系。使用逻辑回归计算多变量调整后的优势比（OR）和 95%置信区间（CI）。

结果

任何听力损失的患病率从 1988-1994 年的 14.9%（95%CI，13.0%-16.9%）显著增加到 2005-2006 年的 19.5%（95%CI，15.2%-23.8%）（P=.02）。2005-2006 年，听力损失更常见为单侧（患病率为 14.0%；95%CI，10.4%-17.6%，而 1988-1994 年为 11.1%；95%CI，9.5%-12.8%；P=.005），并涉及高频（患病率为 16.4%；95%CI，13.2%-19.7%，而 1988-1994 年为 12.8%；95%CI，11.1%-14.5%；P=.02）。来自低于联邦贫困线家庭的个体（患病率为 23.6%；95%CI，18.5%-28.7%）的听力损失的可能性显著高于高于阈值的个体（患病率为 18.4%；95%CI，13.6%-23.2%）（多变量调整后的 OR，1.60；95%CI，1.10-2.32）。