Departamento de Psicología Experimental y Fisiología del Comportamiento, Campus Cartuja, s/n, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de ranada 18071, Spain.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2011 Feb;37(1):236-44. doi: 10.1037/a0019956.
This study investigates whether a rhythm can orient attention to specific moments enhancing people's reaction times (RT). We used a modified version of the temporal orienting paradigm in which an auditory isochronous rhythm was presented prior to an auditory single target. The rhythm could have a fast pace (450 ms Inter-Onset-Interval or IOI) or a slow pace (950 ms IOI). The target was presented after a variable foreperiod of either 200, 400, 900, 1400, or 1600 ms following the offset of the rhythm. In Experiment 1, the rhythmic pace validly predicted the moment of target appearance; i.e., the target appeared after a foreperiod that matched the rhythmic pace on 60% of the trials. The results showed an effect on RT performance of the fast rhythmic pace compared to the slow rhythmic pace at the 200 and 400 ms foreperiods, while no effects were found at the long foreperiods, probably due to a foreperiod effect. In Experiment 2, non-predictive rhythmic paces did not modulate the foreperiod effect. The addition of temporal uncertainty by including catch trials in Experiment 3 clearly unveiled the effect of non-predictive rhythmic pace at short and long foreperiods. Taken together, the results of the experiments reported here highlight the ability of rhythms to orient temporal attention enhancing participants' response speed not only at short intervals but also at long time intervals, suggesting the involvement of a flexible mechanism.
这项研究旨在探讨节奏是否可以将注意力引导到特定的时刻，从而提高人们的反应时间（RT）。我们使用了一种经过修改的时间导向范式，在该范式中，在呈现听觉单目标之前呈现一个等时的节奏。节奏可以有快节奏（450 毫秒的间隔时间）或慢节奏（950 毫秒的间隔时间）。目标在节奏结束后，以 200、400、900、1400 或 1600 毫秒的可变前间隔时间呈现。在实验 1 中，节奏的速度有效地预测了目标出现的时刻；也就是说，在 60%的试验中，目标出现在与节奏速度匹配的前间隔时间之后。结果表明，与慢节奏相比，快节奏对 200 和 400 毫秒前间隔时间的 RT 表现有影响，而在长前间隔时间则没有影响，这可能是由于前间隔时间的影响。在实验 2 中，非预测性节奏对前间隔时间效应没有调节作用。在实验 3 中通过加入捕获试验增加了时间不确定性，这清楚地揭示了在短和长前间隔时间下非预测性节奏的作用。综上所述，这里报告的实验结果强调了节奏引导时间注意力的能力，不仅可以提高参与者的反应速度，而且可以提高参与者在短时间和长时间间隔内的反应速度，这表明涉及到一种灵活的机制。
