Oxford Brookes University, School of Health and Social Care, Oxford, UK.
J Interprof Care. 2010 Sep;24(5):492-502. doi: 10.3109/13561821003676325.
This paper reports on a study commissioned by the World Health Organization (WHO) to explore common themes of collaborative practice. The WHO requested global clarification of (1) the nature of collaborative practice, (2) its perceived importance, and (3) strategies for systematizing collaborative practice throughout national health systems. While there are many interpretations of collaborative practice around the world, there was a need to ascertain common underlying themes that illustrate good practice in both developed and developing countries to inform an international Framework for Action. A multiple case study design was used to examine collaborative practice in primary health care and commonalities across countries. Staff at each of WHO's six regional offices invited key informants in one or two primary health care organizations where collaborative practice was the model of care to complete case studies. Ten case studies were received from ten different countries, representing all six WHO regions. The results are described according to the study's three areas of focus: describing collaborative practice globally, the shared importance of collaborative practice, and systematizing collaborative practice. Collaborative practice requires a strong political framework that encourages interprofessional education and teamworking. Shared governance models and enabling legislation are required. At a practical level, interprofessional health care teams function most efficiently with shared clinical pathways and a common patient record.
本文报道了一项受世界卫生组织（WHO）委托进行的研究，旨在探讨协作实践的共同主题。WHO 要求对协作实践的（1）性质、（2）感知重要性以及（3）在国家卫生系统中系统实施协作实践的策略进行全球澄清。尽管协作实践在全球范围内有多种解释，但需要确定共同的基本主题，以说明发达国家和发展中国家的良好实践，为国际行动计划提供信息。采用多案例研究设计来研究初级保健中的协作实践和国家间的共性。WHO 六个区域办事处的工作人员邀请了一个或两个以协作实践为护理模式的初级保健组织的主要知情人来完成案例研究。从十个不同的国家收到了十个案例研究，代表了所有六个 WHO 区域。结果根据研究的三个重点领域进行描述：全球协作实践描述、协作实践的共同重要性以及协作实践的系统化。协作实践需要一个鼓励跨专业教育和团队合作的强大政治框架。需要共享治理模式和授权立法。在实践层面上，具有共同临床路径和共同患者记录的跨专业医疗团队的运作效率最高。
