Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA.
J Dairy Sci. 2010 Sep;93(9):4404-13. doi: 10.3168/jds.2009-2789.
The objective was to compare the costs of natural service (NS) and timed artificial insemination (TAI) as breeding programs for dairy cows. Both programs were directly compared in a field study from November 2006 to March 2008. Reproductive results in that study were similar and served as inputs for this study. A herd budget accounting for all costs and revenues was created. Net cost during the field study for the NS program was $100.49/cow per year and for the TAI program was $67.80/cow per year, unadjusted for differences in voluntary waiting period for first insemination (VWP) and pregnancy rates (PR). After inclusion of the differences in VWP and PR, the economic advantage of the TAI program was $9.73/cow per year. Costs per day a cow was eligible for insemination were estimated at $1.45 for the NS program and $1.06 for the TAI program. Sensitivity analysis revealed that if the marginal feed cost increased to $5/hundredweight (cwt; 1 cwt=45.36kg), the advantage of TAI increased to $48.32/cow per year. In addition, higher milk prices and greater genetic progress increased the advantage of TAI. When semen price increased from $6 to $22, the NS program had an economic advantage of $33.29/cow per year. If each NS bull was replaced by an additional cow, the advantage of the TAI program was $60.81/cow per year. Setting the PR for both programs at 18% and the VWP at 80 d resulted in an advantage of $37.87/cow per year for the TAI program. In conclusion, any advantage of TAI depended greatly on cost to feed bulls, semen price, and genetic merit of semen.
本研究旨在比较自然交配（NS）和定时人工授精（TAI）作为奶牛繁殖方案的成本。在 2006 年 11 月至 2008 年 3 月进行的一项田间研究中，这两种方案直接进行了比较。该研究中的繁殖结果相似，为本次研究提供了数据输入。本研究创建了一个包含所有成本和收入的牧场预算。在该研究中，NS 方案的净成本为每头牛每年 100.49 美元，TAI 方案为每头牛每年 67.80 美元，未考虑自愿配种等待期（VWP）和妊娠率（PR）的差异。在考虑 VWP 和 PR 的差异后，TAI 方案的经济效益优势为每年每头牛 9.73 美元。估计每头奶牛有资格配种的天数，NS 方案为每天 1.45 美元，TAI 方案为每天 1.06 美元。敏感性分析表明，如果边际饲料成本增加到每百磅 5 美元（1 百磅=45.36 公斤），则 TAI 的优势增加到每年每头牛 48.32 美元。此外，更高的牛奶价格和更大的遗传进展增加了 TAI 的优势。当精液价格从 6 美元上涨到 22 美元时，NS 方案的经济效益优势为每年每头牛 33.29 美元。如果将每头 NS 公牛替换为一头额外的奶牛，则 TAI 方案的优势为每年每头牛 60.81 美元。如果将两个方案的 PR 都设定为 18%，VWP 设定为 80d，则 TAI 方案的优势为每年每头牛 37.87 美元。总之，TAI 的任何优势都在很大程度上取决于饲养公牛的成本、精液价格和精液的遗传优势。
