World Health Organization, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, Cairo, Egypt.
Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2010 Nov;36 Suppl 1:S62-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2010.06.023. Epub 2010 Aug 21.
Leishmaniasis represents a major public health problem in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) of the World Health Organization (WHO). Cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis are mainly seen in 14 of the 22 countries of the region. In several of these countries outbreaks have an apparent tendency to occur at around 10-year intervals. In 2008, some 100000 new cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis were reported. Foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania major, occur in Afghanistan, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Libya, Morocco, Palestine, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia and Yemen. Anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis, caused by L. tropica, occurs in Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Morocco, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria and Yemen. Anthroponotic visceral leishmaniasis, caused by L. donovani, occurs mainly in Sudan and Somalia. Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis, caused by L. infantum, occurs in most countries of the region. In order to address the problem of leishmaniasis in the EMR, WHO is supporting ministries of health through a strategic plan focusing on (a) training programme managers and health workers on diagnosis and case management; (b) establishing a harmonized regional surveillance system; (c) creating a regional network of experts; (d) promoting political commitment of national governments.
利什曼病是世界卫生组织（世卫组织）东地中海区域（东地中海区域）的一个主要公共卫生问题。在该区域的 22 个国家中，有 14 个国家主要出现皮肤利什曼病和内脏利什曼病。在其中一些国家，疫情每隔约 10 年就有明显的发生趋势。2008 年，报告了约 100000 例新的皮肤利什曼病病例。由利什曼原虫引起的动物源性皮肤利什曼病集中发生在阿富汗、埃及、伊朗、伊拉克、约旦、利比亚、摩洛哥、巴勒斯坦、巴基斯坦、沙特阿拉伯、苏丹、叙利亚、突尼斯和也门。由 L. tropica 引起的人际源性皮肤利什曼病发生在阿富汗、伊朗、伊拉克、摩洛哥、巴基斯坦、沙特阿拉伯、叙利亚和也门。由 L. donovani 引起的人际源性内脏利什曼病主要发生在苏丹和索马里。由 L. infantum 引起的动物源性内脏利什曼病发生在该区域的大多数国家。为了解决东地中海区域的利什曼病问题，世卫组织通过一项战略计划，支持各国卫生部，重点关注以下方面：(a) 培训方案管理人员和卫生工作者进行诊断和病例管理；(b) 建立一个协调的区域监测系统；(c) 建立一个区域专家网络；(d) 促进各国政府的政治承诺。
