A Comprehensive Review of the Situation of Visceral Leishmaniasis Vectors in Iran.

BACKGROUND

This study's major aim is to investigate the situation of visceral leishmaniasis vectors, with a focus on their distribution and relationships to the disease in Iran and some other old-world nations.

METHODS

The terms Iran and the Old World, along with the keywords sand flies, vectors, visceral leishmaniasis, distribution, and , were searched in electronic databases from 1930 to 2018, including Pub-Med, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE.

RESULTS

According to the findings, was a mountain species, but it was also found in the plains, rodent nests, and rock crevices. This species was considered to be one of the vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in Iran has been caught in Afghanistan, Iran, Lebanon, Turkey and Georgia. In Iran, the first infection of and with were reported in northwest of Iran. was one of the complex sand flies, and its members include (India, Nepal, and Pakistan), (Southern Europe, Crimea and Iran), (Southwest Asia, Caucasus), (Afghanistan and Iran), (Iran and Iraq), and (China). The first natural infection of with was reported in 2006 in endemic foci of visceral leishmaniasis in Fars Province, southern Iran.

CONCLUSION

The findings of this project suggest that sand fly species of the subgenus play a key role in the transmission of all types of visceral leishmaniasis in Iran.