Plant Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, PO CIMAP, Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow-226015, India.
Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 2010 Aug 23;56(4):161-72. doi: 10.1042/BA20100171.
An intrinsic improvement is taking place in the methodologies for the development of culture systems with first-rate production of plant-based molecules. The blending of HR (hairy root) cultures with ME (metabolic engineering) approaches offers new insights into, and possibilities for, improving the system productivity for known and/or novel high-value plant-derived active compounds. The introduction and expression of foreign genes in plants results in improvement of cellular activities by manipulating enzymatic, regulatory and transport function of the cell. The rational amendments in the rate-limiting steps of a biosynthetic pathway as well as inactivating the inefficient pathway(s) for by-product formation can be accomplished either through single-step engineering or through the multi-step engineering. The hierarchical control of any metabolic process can lead the engineer to apply the ME ideas and principles to any of the strata, including transcriptional, moving on to translational and enzymatic activity. The HR culture systems offer a remarkable potential for commercial production of a number of low-volume, but high-value, secondary metabolites. Taking HR as a model system, in the present review, we discuss engineering principles and perceptions to exploit secondary-metabolite pathways for the production of important bioactive compounds. We also talk about requisites and possible challenges that occur during ME, with emphasis on examples of various HR systems. Furthermore, it also highlights the utilization of global information obtained from '-omic' platforms in order to explore pathway architecture, structural and functional aspects of important enzymes and genes that can support the design of sets of engineering, resulting in the generation of wide-ranging views of DNA sequence-to-metabolite passageway networking and their control to obtain desired results.
在开发具有一流植物分子生产能力的文化系统的方法学方面正在发生内在的改进。HR（发根）培养与 ME（代谢工程）方法的融合为提高已知和/或新型高价值植物衍生活性化合物的系统生产力提供了新的见解和可能性。通过操纵细胞的酶、调节和运输功能，将外源基因引入植物并表达，可以提高细胞的活性。通过单步工程或多步工程，可以在生物合成途径的限速步骤中进行合理的修正，以及失活低效的副产物形成途径。任何代谢过程的层次控制都可以使工程师将 ME 的思想和原则应用于任何层次，包括转录、翻译和酶活性。HR 培养系统为许多低产量但高价值的次生代谢物的商业生产提供了巨大的潜力。以 HR 为模型系统，在本综述中，我们讨论了利用次生代谢途径生产重要生物活性化合物的工程原理和观念。我们还讨论了 ME 过程中可能出现的要求和挑战，重点介绍了各种 HR 系统的例子。此外，它还强调了利用来自“组学”平台的全球信息来探索重要酶和基因的途径结构、结构和功能方面，以支持工程设计集的设计，从而生成广泛的 DNA 序列到代谢物通路网络及其控制的观点，以获得所需的结果。
