Benish-Weisman Maya, Steinberg Tamar, Knafo Ariel
Psychology Department, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 2010;47(2):144-51.
Peer relationships become central to children's development as they develop social skills and theory of mind in their early development. We investigated the role of temperament in children's peer problems. Mothers of three-year-old twins (N=759 pairs) rated their children's temperament using the EAS scale (1) and children's peer problems using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (2). Children's peer problems were positively associated with their negative emotionality, and related negatively to their sociability and activity level. Genetics contributed to individual differences in temperament and peer problems, with peer problems substantially heritable (44%). The remaining variance is attributed to environmental factors. Genetic factors largely mediated the correlations between peer problems and temperament.The findings point to the importance of children's temperamentally-based characteristics in their social development.
同伴关系在儿童早期发展中变得至关重要，因为他们在这一时期发展社交技能和心理理论。我们研究了气质在儿童同伴问题中的作用。三岁双胞胎（N = 759对）的母亲使用EAS量表（1）对孩子的气质进行评分，并使用优势与困难问卷（2）对孩子的同伴问题进行评分。儿童的同伴问题与他们的负面情绪呈正相关，与他们的社交能力和活动水平呈负相关。遗传因素导致了气质和同伴问题的个体差异，同伴问题具有较高的遗传性（44%）。其余的变异归因于环境因素。遗传因素在很大程度上介导了同伴问题与气质之间的相关性。研究结果表明儿童基于气质的特征在其社会发展中的重要性。
