Gjone H, Stevenson J
National Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Norway.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997 Oct;36(10):1448-56. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199710000-00028.
To assess the longitudinal covariance between emotionality, activity, and sociability (EAS) temperamental traits and anxious/depressed behavior, attention problems, delinquent behavior, and aggressive behavior and to assess the significance of genetic and common environmental influences on the temperament and behavior relations.
Parental responses to the Child Behavior Checklist and the EAS Temperament Survey were collected from five national cohorts of Norwegian same-sex twins. The final sample consisted of 759 twin pairs aged 7 through 17 at 2-year follow-up.
High emotionality predicted anxious/depressed behavior, attention problems, delinquent behavior, and aggressive behavior. The influence on delinquent and aggressive behavior was stronger in boys. Aggressive behavior was further predicted by high activity scores, especially in younger children. Significant genetic influence was found for the covariance between emotionality and attention problems and emotionality and aggressive behavior.
Emotionality was the strongest temperamental predictor of behavior problems. The mechanisms involved in the associations between temperament and behavior problems appeared to differ with kind of behavior problems.
评估情绪性、活动性和社交性（EAS）气质特征与焦虑/抑郁行为、注意力问题、违纪行为和攻击行为之间的纵向协方差，并评估遗传和共同环境影响对气质与行为关系的重要性。
从挪威同性双胞胎的五个全国队列中收集父母对儿童行为清单和EAS气质调查的反应。最终样本包括759对双胞胎，在2年随访时年龄为7至17岁。
高情绪性预测焦虑/抑郁行为、注意力问题、违纪行为和攻击行为。对违纪和攻击行为的影响在男孩中更强。高活动得分进一步预测攻击行为，尤其是在年幼儿童中。发现情绪性与注意力问题以及情绪性与攻击行为之间的协方差存在显著的遗传影响。
情绪性是行为问题最强的气质预测因素。气质与行为问题之间关联所涉及的机制似乎因行为问题的类型而异。
