University of Washington, Seattle.
Popul Dev Rev. 2010;36(2):357-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1728-4457.2010.00333.x.
The household registration (hukou) system in China, classifying each person as a rural or an urban resident, is a major means of controlling population mobility and determining eligibility for state-provided services and welfare. Established in the late 1950s, it was initially used to bar rural-to-urban migration. After the late 1970s reforms, an inflow of rural migrant workers was allowed into the cities to meet labor demands in the burgeoning export industries and urban services without, however, changing the migrants' registered status, thus precluding their access to subsidized housing and other benefits available to those with urban registration. While there have been many calls for reforming this system, progress has been limited. Proposed reforms have attracted increasing academic and media attention.
中国的户籍制度将每个人分为农村居民或城镇居民，是控制人口流动和确定享受国家提供的服务和福利资格的主要手段。该制度建立于 20 世纪 50 年代末，最初用于阻止农村向城市的迁移。70 年代末改革后，允许农村劳动力流入城市，以满足新兴出口产业和城市服务业的劳动力需求，但不改变移民的登记身份，从而使他们无法获得有城市户籍的人可享受的补贴住房和其他福利。虽然有很多人呼吁改革这一制度，但进展有限。拟议的改革引起了越来越多的学术界和媒体的关注。
