Diao Diana Y, Lee Tim K
Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada ; Cancer Control Research Program, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2013 Dec 20;7:9-18. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S40457.
Over 3 million new cases of skin cancer are diagnosed in the US annually. Melanoma, a subtype of skin cancer that can be fatal if the disease is not detected and treated at an early stage, is the most common cancer for those aged 25-29 years and the second most common cancer in adolescents and young adults aged 15-29 years. The primary carcinogen for the genesis of skin cancers is ultraviolet light from solar radiation and tanning beds. In spite of massive health campaigns to raise public awareness on ultraviolet radiation, sun-protective practices still fall behind. A plausible explanation is the lack of behavioral change in the populations at risk; in this review article, we examine sun-protective behavior in the four high-risk skin cancer groups: skin cancer survivors, individuals with a family history of melanoma, individuals with physical characteristics associated with skin cancer risk, and organ transplantation patients. Findings in the literature demonstrate that increased knowledge and awareness does not consequently translate into behavioral changes in practice. Behavior can differ as a result of different attitudes and beliefs, depending on the population at risk. Thus, intervention should be tailored to the population targeted. A multidisciplinary health team providing consultation and education is required to influence these much needed changes.
美国每年有超过300万例新的皮肤癌病例被诊断出来。黑色素瘤是皮肤癌的一种亚型，如果在疾病早期未被发现和治疗，可能会致命，它是25至29岁人群中最常见的癌症，也是15至29岁青少年和年轻人中第二常见的癌症。皮肤癌发生的主要致癌物是来自太阳辐射和晒黑床的紫外线。尽管开展了大规模的健康运动以提高公众对紫外线辐射的认识，但防晒措施仍然滞后。一个合理的解释是高危人群缺乏行为改变；在这篇综述文章中，我们研究了四个皮肤癌高危群体的防晒行为：皮肤癌幸存者、有黑色素瘤家族病史的人、具有与皮肤癌风险相关身体特征的人以及器官移植患者。文献中的研究结果表明，知识和意识的提高并不会必然转化为实际行为的改变。行为可能因不同的态度和信念而有所不同，这取决于高危人群。因此，干预措施应针对目标人群量身定制。需要一个提供咨询和教育的多学科健康团队来推动这些急需的改变。
