Survival analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: influence of smoking and drinking.

BACKGROUND

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are associated with tobacco and alcohol; however, the prognostic relevance of these substances is unclear.

METHODS

Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed for patients with (n = 1829) and without (n = 183) substance use.

RESULTS

HNSCC-specific survival (death due to primary-HNSCC or recurrent HNSCC) and HNSCC/second primary tumor-specific survival (death due to primary-HNSCC or recurrent HNSCC or second primary tumor) were not significantly different for patients who smoked and drank alcohol (hazard ratio [HR], 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86-1.85) and those who did not (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 0.96-1.88). Overall survival was significantly affected; HR for patients who smoked and drank alcohol was 1.50 (95% CI, 1.16-1.93).

CONCLUSION

Although tobacco and alcohol use are the main risk factors for development of HNSCC, disease outcome was comparable in patients who did or did not use these substances. Tobacco and alcohol use affected overall survival, which emphasizes the importance of substance use cessation.