Association de Coordination Technique Agricole, Institut Claude Bougelat, Marcy L'Etoile, France.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2010;683:85-95. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6445-8_8.
This chapter reviews the available data on the toxicity of neonicotinoid insecticides to bees that are the prominent and the most economically important group of pollinators worldwide. Classical and new methods developed to take into account the characteristics and different types of effects of the neonicotinoid insecticides to bees are described. The available toxicity results are critically analyzed. Thus, the nitro-substituted compounds (clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid and its metabolites, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram) appear the most toxic to bees. The cyano-substituted neonicotinoids seem to exhibit a much lower toxicity (acetamiprid and thiacloprid). The chapter ends with suggestions for additional studies aiming at better assess the hazard of this important insecticide family to bees.
本章综述了有关新烟碱类杀虫剂对蜜蜂（全球最突出和最重要的授粉昆虫群）毒性的现有数据。描述了为考虑新烟碱类杀虫剂对蜜蜂的特性和不同类型的影响而开发的经典和新方法。对现有的毒性结果进行了批判性分析。因此，硝基取代化合物（氯噻啉、噻虫胺、噻虫啉及其代谢物、噻虫嗪、吡虫啉）对蜜蜂的毒性最大。氰基取代的新烟碱类似乎表现出低得多的毒性（乙酰甲胺磷和噻虫啉）。本章最后提出了进一步研究的建议，旨在更好地评估这类重要杀虫剂对蜜蜂的危害。
