Division of Nephrology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
J Pain Symptom Manage. 2010 Dec;40(6):838-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2010.03.015. Epub 2010 Aug 24.
Living with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with spiritual distress and frequently precipitates a search for meaning and hope; yet, very little is known about these patients' spiritual needs.
To describe the nature, prevalence, and predictors of spiritual and supportive care needs in CKD.
Prospective cohort study of 253 CKD patients who completed a seven-item spiritual and seven-item supportive care needs assessment.
Patients reported a mean (standard deviation [SD]) number of 2.9 (2.6) spiritual needs, with 69.1% of patients reporting at least one spiritual need. The mean (SD) number of supportive care needs was 3.5 (2.1), with 91.4% of patients reporting at least one of these needs. Thirty-two percent of the patients had high spiritual needs (defined as reporting ≥5 of the seven needs). Similarly, 37% of the patients reported high supportive care needs. Neither spiritual nor supportive care needs were associated with age, gender, race, marital status, dialysis modality, time on dialysis, or comorbidity.
These patients had substantial spiritual and supportive care needs. There were no clear predictors of high spiritual or supportive care needs, highlighting the importance of evaluating all CKD patients for unmet needs. Health professionals will need to better understand and attend to CKD patients' spiritual needs to optimize quality care.
患有慢性肾脏病（CKD）会导致精神困扰，并经常引发对意义和希望的探索；然而，人们对这些患者的精神需求知之甚少。
描述 CKD 患者的精神和支持性护理需求的性质、普遍性和预测因素。
对 253 名 CKD 患者进行前瞻性队列研究，这些患者完成了七项精神需求和七项支持性护理需求评估。
患者报告的平均（标准差[SD]）精神需求为 2.9（2.6）项，其中 69.1%的患者报告存在至少一项精神需求。支持性护理需求的平均（SD）数量为 3.5（2.1）项，其中 91.4%的患者报告存在至少一项这些需求。32%的患者存在较高的精神需求（定义为报告≥7 项需求中的 5 项）。同样，37%的患者报告存在较高的支持性护理需求。精神需求和支持性护理需求均与年龄、性别、种族、婚姻状况、透析方式、透析时间或合并症无关。
这些患者有很大的精神和支持性护理需求。没有明确的高精神或支持性护理需求的预测因素，这突出了评估所有 CKD 患者未满足需求的重要性。卫生专业人员需要更好地理解和满足 CKD 患者的精神需求，以优化护理质量。
