Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
Chem Soc Rev. 2010 Oct;39(10):3686-99. doi: 10.1039/b926219a. Epub 2010 Aug 26.
This tutorial review looks at the formation of low molecular weight gels from molecular principles using the well-explored supramolecular chemistry of ureas as an example. Synthesising lessons learned from classical urea inclusion chemistry, ureas in crystal engineering, ureas in self-assembly, urea functional groups in anion binding and sensing, and ureas as organocatalysts lead to the development and understanding of a new class of anion-tunable, urea-based soft materials. This review concludes with a look at emerging application areas for tunable gel-phase materials as controlled crystal growth media, both in templating metallic nanoparticles and in the growth and isolation of high quality crystals of molecular organic compounds, including polymorphic pharmaceuticals.
本教程综述从分子原理出发，探讨了低分子量凝胶的形成，以探索充分的超分子化学脲作为一个例子。从经典的脲包合化学、晶体工程中的脲、自组装中的脲、阴离子结合和传感中的脲官能团以及脲作为有机催化剂中吸取的经验教训，导致了新型的阴离子可调谐的基于脲的软材料的开发和理解。本综述最后展望了可调谐凝胶相材料在控制晶体生长介质中的新兴应用领域，包括模板化金属纳米粒子以及高质量有机化合物晶体的生长和分离，包括多晶药物。
