Aleksić S, Bockemühl J
Medizinaluntersuchungsanstalt am Hygienischen Institut Hamburg.
Immun Infekt. 1990 Dec;18(6):178-85.
Eleven species are actually recognized within the genus Yersinia of which three--Y. pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis, and certain serovars of Y. enterocolitica--are important infectious organisms for humans and warm-blooded animals. The causative agents of yersiniosis, Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica, occur world-wide in areas of moderate and subtropical climate. Asymptomatically infected warm-blooded animals, causing environmental contamination, are the most important factors for the epidemiology of yersiniosis; apathogenic Yersinia species and serovars, on the other hand, are largely adapted to environmental conditions and, with regard to their ecology, independent from warm- or cold-blooded host organisms. The agents are usually transmitted by the oral route with food-stuffs as the most important vehicle of human yersiniosis. For their isolation, enrichment procedures and selective media have been developed. The organisms are identified by biochemical reactions and can be differentiated by serological and, in case of Y. enterocolitica, also by phage-typing methods. The differentiation of pathogenic and apathogenic strains is of diagnostic importance and should be routinely performed; simple tests are available for this purpose. Demonstration of antibodies against cell-wall-associated (lipopolysaccharide) or plasmid-encoded (protein) antigens may confirm the diagnosis if the causative agents failed to be isolated.
耶尔森氏菌属实际上已确认有11个菌种，其中三种——鼠疫耶尔森氏菌、假结核耶尔森氏菌和小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的某些血清型——是人类和温血动物的重要感染源。耶尔森氏菌病的病原体，即假结核耶尔森氏菌和小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌，广泛存在于温带和亚热带气候地区。无症状感染的温血动物会造成环境污染，是耶尔森氏菌病流行病学的最重要因素；另一方面，非致病性耶尔森氏菌种和血清型在很大程度上适应环境条件，就其生态学而言，独立于温血或冷血宿主生物体。病原体通常通过口腔途径传播，食物是人类耶尔森氏菌病最重要的传播媒介。为了分离病原体，已开发出富集程序和选择性培养基。通过生化反应鉴定这些生物体，并可通过血清学方法进行区分，对于小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌，还可通过噬菌体分型方法进行区分。致病性和非致病性菌株的区分具有诊断重要性，应常规进行；为此有简单的检测方法。如果未能分离出病原体，检测针对细胞壁相关（脂多糖）或质粒编码（蛋白质）抗原的抗体可能有助于确诊。
