Arrausi-Subiza Maialen, Gerrikagoitia Xeider, Alvarez Vega, Ibabe Jose Carlos, Barral Marta
Department of Animal Health, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development-NEIKER, Berreaga 1, 48160, Derio-Bizkaia, Spain.
Acta Vet Scand. 2016 Jan 20;58:4. doi: 10.1186/s13028-016-0184-9.
Yersiniosis is a zoonosis widely distributed in Europe and swine carry different serotypes of Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis in wild boars in northern Spain. The blood of wild boars (n = 505) was sampled between 2001 and 2012. Seroprevalence was determined in 490 serum samples with an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seventy-two of the animals were also examined for the presence of Y. enterocolitica or Y. pseudotuberculosis in the tonsils with real-time polymerase chain reaction. All the tonsils were analysed twice, directly and after cold enrichment in phosphate-buffered saline supplemented with 1 % mannitol and 0.15 % bile salts.
Antibodies directed against Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis were detected in 52.5 % of the animals. Yersinia enterocolitica was detected with real-time polymerase chain reaction in 33.3 % of the wild boars and Y. pseudotuberculosis in 25 %. Significant differences were observed according to the sampling year, and the highest prevalence was during winter and spring. The highest antibody levels and Y. enterocolitica prevalence were observed in mountainous areas at altitudes higher than 600 m, with very cold winters, and with the highest annual rainfall for each dominant climate. Areas with low and medium livestock populations were associated with the highest seroprevalence of Yersinia spp. in wild boars, whereas areas with high ovine populations had the highest prevalence of Y. enterocolitica.
This study shows that Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis are highly prevalent among wild boars in the Basque country, with Y. enterocolitica most prevalent. The risk of infection among wild boars is influenced by the season and the area in which they live.
耶尔森氏菌病是一种广泛分布于欧洲的人畜共患病，猪携带不同血清型的小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌和假结核耶尔森氏菌。本研究的目的是确定西班牙北部野猪中小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌和假结核耶尔森氏菌的流行情况。在2001年至2012年期间采集了505头野猪的血液样本。用间接酶联免疫吸附试验在490份血清样本中测定血清阳性率。还对72只动物的扁桃体进行了检测，通过实时聚合酶链反应检测小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌或假结核耶尔森氏菌的存在。所有扁桃体均进行了两次分析，一次直接分析，另一次在补充有1%甘露醇和0.15%胆盐的磷酸盐缓冲盐水中进行冷增菌后分析。
在52.5%的动物中检测到针对小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌和假结核耶尔森氏菌的抗体。通过实时聚合酶链反应在33.3%的野猪中检测到小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌，在25%的野猪中检测到假结核耶尔森氏菌。根据采样年份观察到显著差异，最高流行率出现在冬季和春季。在海拔高于600米、冬季非常寒冷且每种主要气候年降雨量最高的山区观察到最高抗体水平和小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌流行率。低、中等牲畜数量的地区与野猪中耶尔森氏菌属的最高血清阳性率相关，而绵羊数量高的地区小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的流行率最高。
本研究表明，小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌和假结核耶尔森氏菌在巴斯克地区的野猪中高度流行，其中小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌最为流行。野猪的感染风险受季节和其生活地区的影响。
