Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 271-8510, Japan.
Water Res. 2011 Jan;45(1):292-302. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.07.057. Epub 2010 Jul 29.
Historically, the locations of cities mainly depend on the available water source and the urban river not only supplies the fresh water to city but also receives its wastewaters. To analyze the influences of urban zone on its receiving water river, the Jialu River in Henan Province, China, a typical urban river was chosen. Water and sediment samples were collected along the river in 2007 to analyze the concentrations of xenobiotic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (XEDCs) including nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP) and bisphenol A (BPA) in surface water and sediment. The results showed that the concentrations of OP, NP and BPA in surface water were 20.9-63.2 ng L(-1) (mean 39.8 ng L(-1)), 75.2-1520 ng L(-1) (mean 645 ng L(-1)), 410-2990 ng L(-1) (mean 1535 ng L(-1)), respectively. The lowest and highest concentrations of XEDCs in surface water were found in the upper stream and downstream of Zhengzhou urban zone, which was regarded as the major discharge source of these chemicals to this river. The concentrations of OP, NP and BPA in the sediment were 15.9-31.1 ng g(-1), 145-349 ng g(-1) and 626-3584 ng g(-1) with the average concentrations of 21.4 ng g(-1), 257 ng g(-1) and 2291 ng g(-1), respectively. The results of in situ sediment-water partition of XEDCs showed that the partition coefficients (log K(oc)') in the downstream were higher than that in the upstream, which was mainly caused by the retransfer of surface sediment from the upper stream to the downstream. Comparison of measured and theoretical inventories of XEDCs in sediment indicated that the residual time of XEDCs in sediment in the river was about 5 years, which was in the same order of magnitude with its big flood frequency. In order to predict concentration variances of XEDCs in surface water, a fugacity-hydrodynamic model was developed according to the concept of in series completely stirred tank reactors (CSTR). The model results showed that about 29-65% of XEDCs derived from the urban zone (about 2.0 t yr(-1)) would finally dissipate from aqueous phase in the 170 km downstream of the river. Assuming the discharge amount of XEDCs from the urban zone remaining constant, the predicted concentrations of the total XEDCs in the over 90% river reach would be higher than 1.0 μg L(-1) under all normal, high water and low water season in 2007.
从历史上看，城市的位置主要取决于可用的水源，城市河流不仅为城市提供淡水，而且还接收城市废水。为了分析城市带对其受纳河流的影响，选择了中国河南省的贾鲁河作为典型的城市河流。2007 年，在河流沿线采集了水和沉积物样本，以分析地表水和沉积物中包括壬基酚（NP）、辛基酚（OP）和双酚 A（BPA）在内的外源内分泌干扰化学物质（XEDCs）的浓度。结果表明，OP、NP 和 BPA 在地表水中的浓度分别为 20.9-63.2ng/L（平均值 39.8ng/L）、75.2-1520ng/L（平均值 645ng/L）和 410-2990ng/L（平均值 1535ng/L）。XEDCs 在地表水中的最低和最高浓度出现在郑州市区的上游和下游，这被认为是这些化学物质排入该河流的主要排放源。OP、NP 和 BPA 在沉积物中的浓度分别为 15.9-31.1ng/g、145-349ng/g 和 626-3584ng/g，平均值分别为 21.4ng/g、257ng/g 和 2291ng/g。XEDCs 的原位沉积物-水分配结果表明，下游的分配系数（log K（oc）'）高于上游，这主要是由于上游的表层沉积物重新转移到下游。实测和理论沉积物中 XEDCs 含量的比较表明，河流中沉积物中 XEDCs 的残留时间约为 5 年，与洪水频率相同。为了预测地表水中 XEDCs 的浓度变化，根据串联完全搅拌槽反应器（CSTR）的概念，建立了一个逸度-水动力模型。模型结果表明，约有 29-65%来自市区（约 2.0t/yr）的 XEDCs 将最终从河流下游的水相中消散。假设市区 XEDCs 的排放量保持不变，在 2007 年所有正常、高水位和低水位季节，超过 90%的河流段中总 XEDCs 的预测浓度将高于 1.0μg/L。
