University Children's Hospital of Muenster, Department of Pediatrics, Albert-SchweitzerStr. 33, D-48149 Muenster, Germany.
Clin Nutr. 2011 Apr;30(2):215-20. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2010.08.003.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the composition of breast milk of mothers with extremely preterm infants (<28 weeks) for their nutrient content over the first 8 weeks of lactation, and to compare premature to term milk.
Breast milk from 102 mothers who had delivered preterm infants and from 10 mothers who had delivered term infants were collected longitudinally. Fat, protein, carbohydrate, minerals and energy content were estimated weekly in each participant. Milk samples were representative of complete 24-h cycles.
Carbohydrate, fat and energy concentrations were significantly higher in preterm than in term milk (p < 0.05). Protein content of both preterm and term milk decreased with the progress of lactation demonstrating significantly higher values in extremely preterm milk (<28 weeks) than in moderately preterm and term milk (p < 0.0001). The sodium levels of preterm milk were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) only in the first week. Other changes in mineral content were detected neither in preterm nor term milk.
Our data provide new information on the macronutrient content of milk in mothers of extremely preterm infants with possible implications for the nutrition of this population.
本研究的主要目的是调查极低出生体重儿（<28 周）母亲初乳在产后第 1 周到第 8 周的营养成分组成，并将早产儿母乳与足月儿母乳进行比较。
本研究收集了 102 位早产儿母亲和 10 位足月儿母亲的母乳样本，进行了纵向研究。每周对每个参与者的母乳样本中的脂肪、蛋白质、碳水化合物、矿物质和能量含量进行了评估。这些样本代表了完整的 24 小时哺乳周期。
与足月儿母乳相比，早产儿母乳的碳水化合物、脂肪和能量浓度显著更高（p<0.05）。两种早产儿和足月儿母乳的蛋白质含量随着泌乳的进展而逐渐降低，极早产儿母乳（<28 周）的蛋白质含量显著高于中度早产儿和足月儿母乳（p<0.0001）。早产儿母乳的钠水平仅在第一周显著升高（p<0.05）。早产儿和足月儿母乳中的矿物质含量没有其他变化。
我们的数据提供了关于极低出生体重儿母亲母乳中宏量营养素含量的新信息，这可能对该人群的营养状况产生影响。
