Université de Toulouse, INP-ENSA Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole BP 32607, Castanet-Tolosan F-31326, France.
Plant Cell Physiol. 2010 Oct;51(10):1601-11. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcq136. Epub 2010 Aug 27.
Chromoplasts are carotenoid-accumulating plastids conferring color to many flowers and fruits as well as to some tubers and roots. Chromoplast differentiation proceeds from preexisting plastids, most often chloroplasts. One of the most prominent changes is remodeling of the internal membrane system associated with the formation of carotenoid-accumulating structures. During the differentiation process the plastid genome is essentially stable and transcriptional activity is restricted. The buildup of the chromoplast for specific metabolic characteristics is essentially dependent upon the transcriptional activity of the nucleus. Important progress has been made in terms of mediation of the chloroplast-to-chromoplast transition with the discovery of the crucial role of the Or gene. In this article we review recent developments in the structural, biochemical and molecular aspects of chromoplast differentiation and also consider the reverse differentiation of chromoplasts into chloroplast-like structures during the regreening process occurring in some fruit. Future perspectives toward a full understanding of chromoplast differentiation include in-depth knowledge of the changes occurring in the plastidial proteome during chromoplastogenesis, elucidation of the role of hormones and the search for signals that govern the dialog between the nuclear and the chromoplastic genome.
质体是积累类胡萝卜素的质体，赋予许多花卉和果实以及一些块茎和根的颜色。质体的分化从原有的质体（通常是叶绿体）开始。最显著的变化之一是与类胡萝卜素积累结构形成相关的内部膜系统的重塑。在分化过程中，质体基因组基本稳定，转录活性受到限制。特定代谢特征的质体的积累在很大程度上取决于核的转录活性。随着 Or 基因的关键作用的发现，在介导叶绿体到质体的转变方面已经取得了重要的进展。在本文中，我们综述了质体分化在结构、生化和分子方面的最新进展，并考虑了在一些果实中发生的再绿过程中质体向叶绿体样结构的反向分化。全面了解质体分化的未来展望包括深入了解质体发生过程中质体蛋白组的变化，阐明激素的作用以及寻找调控核质体基因组对话的信号。
