Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Arch Biochem Biophys. 2013 Nov 15;539(2):102-9. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.07.002. Epub 2013 Jul 12.
Chromoplasts are special organelles that possess superior ability to synthesize and store massive amounts of carotenoids. They are responsible for the distinctive colors found in fruits, flowers, and roots. Chromoplasts exhibit various morphologies and are derived from either pre-existing chloroplasts or other non-photosynthetic plastids such as proplastids, leucoplasts or amyloplasts. While little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying chromoplast biogenesis, research progress along with proteomics study of chromoplast proteomes signifies various processes and factors important for chromoplast differentiation and development. Chromoplasts act as a metabolic sink that enables great biosynthesis and high storage capacity of carotenoids. The formation of chromoplasts enhances carotenoid metabolic sink strength and controls carotenoid accumulation in plants. The objective of this review is to provide an integrated view on our understanding of chromoplast biogenesis and carotenoid accumulation in plants.
质体是具有优越的合成和储存大量类胡萝卜素能力的特殊细胞器。它们负责赋予果实、花朵和根部独特的颜色。质体呈现出各种形态，源自于预先存在的叶绿体或其他非光合质体，如前质体、白色体或淀粉体。虽然关于质体生物发生的分子机制知之甚少，但随着质体蛋白质组学研究的进展，各种对于质体分化和发育很重要的过程和因素已经被揭示出来。质体作为一个代谢汇，能够实现类胡萝卜素的大量生物合成和高储存能力。质体的形成增强了类胡萝卜素代谢汇的强度，并控制着植物中类胡萝卜素的积累。本篇综述的目的是提供对植物中质体生物发生和类胡萝卜素积累的综合理解。
