Department for Analytics in Sport, Serbian Institute of Sport, Belgrade, Serbia.
J Strength Cond Res. 2010 Sep;24(9):2523-31. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181def5e4.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the standard field tests of flexibility of the lower extremity through their (a) intratrial and test-retest reliability, (b) concurrent validity with respect to a high-precision 3D system for kinematic recording, and (c) factorial validity. Physically active men (n = 84) were tested over 2 separate sessions by means of standard simple devices (kinanthropometry, ruler, and protractor) on the following flexibility tests: leg raise in a supine position, hip abduction test, single-legged knee bend (SLKB), sideward leg splits (SdLS), sit and reach (SR), sideways leg splits, and lengthwise leg splits. Additionally, 17 participants were simultaneously tested by means of a laboratory 3D kinematic analysis system. Most of the tests demonstrated high intratrial and test-retest reliability and concurrent validity. The exceptions were SLKB and SR tests that revealed not only a somewhat lower reliability but also a lower concurrent validity. For estimation of factorial validity, we applied a principal component analysis of the intercorrelations among the evaluated flexibility tests that revealed a single extracted principal component. Strong mutual relationships among them also suggest that very few of them, if not a single one, should be applied within the standard batteries of physical performance tests. We particularly recommend using SdLS over the most frequently used SR not only because of its relatively high reliability and validity but also because of its postural properties. Finally, we conclude that most of the standard field tests of flexibility of the lower extremity based on using inexpensive field equipment could be both reliable and valid and, therefore, justified for use in routine testing.
本研究旨在通过（a）内部一致性和重测信度、（b）与用于运动记录的高精度 3D 系统的同时效度，以及（c）因子有效性，评估下肢柔韧性的标准现场测试。84 名男性在 2 个不同的时间段内使用简单的标准设备（人体测量学、尺子和量角器）进行了以下柔韧性测试：仰卧位抬腿、髋关节外展测试、单腿屈膝（SLKB）、侧向腿劈叉（SdLS）、坐立前伸（SR）、侧向腿劈叉和纵向腿劈叉。此外，有 17 名参与者同时使用实验室 3D 运动分析系统进行了测试。大多数测试都显示出了较高的内部一致性和重测信度以及同时效度。例外的是 SLKB 和 SR 测试，它们不仅显示出较低的可靠性，而且还显示出较低的同时效度。为了评估因子有效性，我们对评估的柔韧性测试之间的相互关系进行了主成分分析，结果显示出单个提取的主成分。它们之间的强烈相互关系表明，在标准体能测试中，它们中的极少数（如果不是一个的话）应该被应用。我们特别推荐使用 SdLS 而不是最常用的 SR，不仅因为它具有较高的可靠性和有效性，还因为它的姿势特性。最后，我们得出结论，基于使用廉价现场设备的大多数下肢柔韧性标准现场测试既可靠又有效，因此有理由在常规测试中使用。
