Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
Psychol Assess. 2010 Dec;22(4):809-15. doi: 10.1037/a0020255.
Base rate information is important in clinical assessment because one cannot know how unusual or typical a phenomenon is without first knowing its base rate in the population. This study empirically determined the base rates of social skills acquisition and performance deficits, social skills strengths, and problem behaviors using a nationally representative sample of children and adolescent ages 3-18 years. Using the national standardization sample of the Social Skills Improvement System--Rating Scales (N = 4,550) across 3 informants (teacher, parent, and student) and across 3 broad age groupings (3-5 years, 5-12 years, and 13-18 years), these base rates were computed. Results showed that the base rates for social skills acquisition deficits and problem behaviors are extremely low in the general population. Base rates for social skills performance deficits and social skills strengths were considerably higher, with students in the 5- to 12-year-old age group reporting fewer performance deficits and more social skills strengths than older children (13-18 years). Teachers and parents reported more performance deficits and fewer social skills strengths across all age groups than students in the 5- to 12-year-old age group. These results are discussed in terms of the utility of base rate information in clinical decision making.
基础比率信息在临床评估中很重要，因为如果不首先了解现象在人群中的基础比率，就无法知道它有多罕见或多典型。本研究使用全国代表性的 3-18 岁儿童和青少年样本，实证确定了社会技能习得和表现缺陷、社会技能优势和问题行为的基础比率。使用社会技能改善系统-评定量表（N=4550）的全国标准化样本，跨越 3 个信息提供者（教师、家长和学生）和 3 个广泛的年龄分组（3-5 岁、5-12 岁和 13-18 岁），计算了这些基础比率。结果表明，在一般人群中，社会技能习得缺陷和问题行为的基础比率极低。社会技能表现缺陷和社会技能优势的基础比率要高得多，5-12 岁年龄组的学生报告的表现缺陷较少，社会技能优势较多，而年龄较大的儿童（13-18 岁）则较少。教师和家长在所有年龄组中报告的表现缺陷较多，社会技能优势较少，而 5-12 岁年龄组的学生则较少。这些结果从临床决策中基础比率信息的效用方面进行了讨论。
