Dartmouth Medical School, and National Center for Disaster Mental Health Research, White River Junction, VT 05009, USA.
Rehabil Psychol. 2010 Aug;55(3):221-30. doi: 10.1037/a0020195.
To explore the extent to which disasters may be a source of injury and disability in community populations, we examined the prevalence and short-term consequences of disaster-related illness and injury for distress, disability, and perceived needs for care.
A random population survey was conducted 2-6 months after Hurricane Ike struck Galveston Bay on September 13, 2008.
The sample was composed of 658 adults representative of Galveston and Chambers Counties, Texas.
The prevalences of personal injury (4%) and household illness (16%) indicated that approximately 7,700 adults in the two-county area were injured, and another 31,500 adults experienced household-level illness. Risk for injury/illness increased with area damage and decreased with evacuation. In bivariate tests, injury or illness or both were related to all outcome measures. In multivariate analyses that controlled for co-occurring stressors representing trauma, loss, adversities, and community effects, injury or illness or both were associated with global stress, posttraumatic stress, dysfunction, days of disability, and perceived needs for care, but not with depression or anxiety.
The associations of injury with distress and disability suggest that community programs should reach out to injured persons for early mental health and functional assessments and, where indicated, intervene in ways that reduce further disability and need for complex rehabilitative services. The results also point to the potential effectiveness of evacuation incentives with regard to the prevention of disaster-related injury and disability.
为了探究灾害是否可能成为社区人群受伤和残疾的一个原因，我们研究了与灾害相关的疾病和伤害对痛苦、残疾和感知护理需求的短期影响。
在 2008 年 9 月 13 日飓风艾克袭击加尔维斯顿湾之后的 2-6 个月内进行了一项随机人群调查。
样本由 658 名代表德克萨斯州加尔维斯顿和钱伯斯县的成年人组成。
个人受伤（4%）和家庭疾病（16%）的流行率表明，在这两个县约有 7700 名成年人受伤，另有 31500 名成年人经历了家庭层面的疾病。受伤/患病的风险随着受灾地区的破坏而增加，随着撤离而减少。在单变量测试中，受伤或患病或两者都与所有结果测量相关。在控制了代表创伤、损失、逆境和社区影响的共发压力源的多变量分析中，受伤或患病或两者都与总体压力、创伤后应激、功能障碍、残疾天数和感知护理需求相关，但与抑郁或焦虑无关。
受伤与痛苦和残疾的关联表明，社区计划应主动接触受伤人员，进行早期心理健康和功能评估，并在需要时进行干预，以减少进一步的残疾和对复杂康复服务的需求。结果还表明，撤离激励措施在预防与灾害相关的伤害和残疾方面可能具有有效性。
