Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, 450 Technology Drive, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Adv Genet. 2010;69:83-95. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2660(10)69007-4.
Protein transduction domains (PTDs) are small peptides able to transverse plasma membranes, able to carry proteins, nucleic acid, and viral particles into cells. PTDs can be broadly classified into three types; cationic, hydrophobic, and cell-type specific. The cationic PTDs, comprised of arginines, lysines, and ornithines, and hydrophobic PTDs can efficiently transduce a variety of cell types in culture and in vivo. The tissue-specific transduction domains, identified by screening of peptide display phage libraries for peptides able to confer internalization, have more restricted transduction properties. Here we provide a review of PTDs, focusing on methods for identifying and characterizing both cationic and tissue-specific transduction peptides. In particular, we describe the use of screening peptide phage display libraries to identify tissue-specific transduction peptides.
蛋白质转导结构域（PTDs）是能够穿过质膜的小肽，能够将蛋白质、核酸和病毒颗粒带入细胞。PTDs 可大致分为三类：阳离子型、疏水性和细胞类型特异性。阳离子 PTDs 由精氨酸、赖氨酸和鸟氨酸组成，疏水性 PTDs 能够有效地转导培养中和体内的多种细胞类型。通过筛选肽展示噬菌体文库以鉴定能够进行内化的肽，鉴定出了组织特异性转导结构域，其转导特性更受限制。本文综述了 PTDs，重点介绍了鉴定和表征阳离子和组织特异性转导肽的方法。特别地，我们描述了使用筛选肽噬菌体展示文库来鉴定组织特异性转导肽的方法。
