Instituto de Ecología, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275, Ciudad Universitaria, México 04510 D.F., México.
J Chem Ecol. 2010 Oct;36(10):1122-31. doi: 10.1007/s10886-010-9848-5. Epub 2010 Aug 31.
Muscodor yucatanensis, an endophytic fungus, was isolated from the leaves of Bursera simaruba (Burseraceae) in a dry, semideciduous tropical forest in the Ecological Reserve El Eden, Quintana Roo, Mexico. We tested the mixture of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by M. yucatanensis for allelochemical effects against other endophytic fungi, phytopathogenic fungi and fungoids, and plants. VOCs were lethal to Guignardia mangifera, Colletotrichum sp., Phomopsis sp., Alternaria solani, Rhizoctonia sp., Phytophthora capsici, and P. parasitica, but had no effect on Fusarium oxysporum, Xylaria sp., the endophytic isolate 120, or M. yucatanensis. VOCs inhibited root elongation in amaranth, tomato, and barnyard grass, particularly those produced during the first 15 days of fungal growth. VOCs were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and included compounds not previously reported from other Muscodor species and the previously reported compounds octane, 2-methyl butyl acetate, 2-pentyl furan, caryophyllene, and aromadendrene. We also evaluated organic extracts from the culture medium and mycelium of M. yucatanensis on the same endophytes, phytopathogens, and plants. In general, extracts inhibited plants more than endophytic or phytopathogens fungi. G. mangifera was the only organism that was significantly stimulated by both extracts regardless of concentration. Compounds in both organic extracts were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. We discuss the possible allelopathic role that metabolites of M. yucatanensis play in its ecological interactions with its host plant and other organisms.
从墨西哥金塔纳罗奥州生态保护区 El Eden 干燥半落叶热带森林的伯莎瑞木（大风子科）叶片中分离出内生真菌 Muscodor yucatanensis。我们测试了由 M. yucatanensis 产生的挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 混合物对其他内生真菌、植物病原菌和真菌以及植物的化感作用。VOC 对芒果胶孢炭疽菌、炭疽菌、拟茎点霉属、茄链格孢、立枯丝核菌、辣椒疫霉和寄生疫霉具有致死作用，但对尖孢镰刀菌、木层孔菌、内生分离物 120 或 M. yucatanensis 没有影响。VOC 抑制苋菜、番茄和稗草的根伸长，尤其是在真菌生长的前 15 天内产生的 VOC。通过气相色谱/质谱法鉴定了 VOC，其中包括以前从未在其他 Muscodor 物种中报道过的化合物以及以前报道过的化合物辛烷、2-甲基丁酸乙酯、2-戊基呋喃、石竹烯和芳樟醇。我们还评估了来自 M. yucatanensis 培养物和菌丝体的有机提取物对相同内生真菌、植物病原菌和植物的影响。一般来说，提取物对植物的抑制作用大于对内生真菌或植物病原菌的抑制作用。芒果胶孢炭疽菌是唯一一种无论浓度如何都被两种提取物显著刺激的生物体。通过气相色谱/质谱法鉴定了两种有机提取物中的化合物。我们讨论了 M. yucatanensis 代谢物在与宿主植物和其他生物体的生态相互作用中可能发挥的化感作用。
