Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University Center for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.
Neurosurg Focus. 2010 Sep;29(3):E7. doi: 10.3171/2010.5.FOCUS10149.
Cavernous malformations (CMs) are angiographically occult, low-pressure neurovascular lesions with distinct imaging and clinical characteristics. They present with seizure, neurological compromise due to lesion hemorrhage or expansion, or as incidental findings on neuroimaging studies. Treatment options include conservative therapy, medical management of seizures, surgical intervention for lesion resection, and in select cases stereotactic radiosurgery. Optimal management requires a thorough understanding of the natural history of CMs including consideration of issues such as mode of presentation, lesion location, and genetics that may impact the associated neurological risk. Over the past 2 decades, multiple studies have been published, shedding valuable light on the clinical characteristics and natural history of these malformations. The purpose of this review is to provide the reader with a concise consolidation of this published material such that they may better understand the risks associated with CMs and their implications on patient treatment.
海绵状血管畸形（CMs）是血管造影隐匿、低压力的神经血管病变，具有独特的影像学和临床特征。它们表现为癫痫发作、因病变出血或扩张导致的神经功能障碍，或在神经影像学研究中偶然发现。治疗选择包括保守治疗、癫痫的药物治疗、病变切除的手术干预，以及在特定情况下的立体定向放射外科治疗。最佳治疗需要对 CMs 的自然史有透彻的了解，包括考虑可能影响相关神经风险的表现方式、病变位置和遗传等因素。在过去的 20 年中，已经发表了多项研究，为这些畸形的临床特征和自然史提供了有价值的启示。本文的目的是为读者提供对已发表材料的简明综述，以便更好地理解 CMs 相关风险及其对患者治疗的影响。
