提取物及残渣混合作物对豚草的除草效果。

Herbicidal effects of extracts and residue incorporation of Datura metel against parthenium weed.

机构信息

Institute of Plant Pathology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.

出版信息

Nat Prod Res. 2010 Sep;24(15):1426-37. doi: 10.1080/14786410903075440.

PMID:20812130

Abstract

The present study was designed to evaluate the herbicidal activity of Datura metel against the noxious weed parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.). In a laboratory bioassay, the effect of aqueous, methanol and n-hexane shoot and root extracts of 5, 10, 15 and 20% w/v (on a fresh weight basis) concentration of D. metel were tested against the germination and seedling growth of parthenium. Both aqueous and methanol extracts markedly suppressed the germination and seedling growth of parthenium. Generally, the effect of shoot extracts was more pronounced than the effect of root extracts. In foliar spray bioassay, aqueous and methanol shoot extracts of 10% w/v (on dry weight bases) concentrations were sprayed on one-week and two-week-old pot-grown parthenium seedlings. Two subsequent sprays were carried out at five day intervals each. Both the aqueous as well as the methanol extracts significantly suppressed shoot length as well as shoot and root biomass of one-week and two-week-old parthenium plants. In residue incorporation bioassay, crushed shoots of D. metel were incorporated in the soil at 1, 2, ... 5% w/w. Parthenium seeds were sown one week after residue incorporation and plants were harvested 40 days after sowing. Incorporation of 2-5% residues significantly reduced germination by 47-89%. Residues of 4 and 5% concentration significantly suppressed plant biomass by 90 and 97%, respectively. The present study concludes that root and shoots of D. metel contain herbicidal constituents for the management of parthenium weed.

摘要

本研究旨在评估曼陀罗（Datura metel）对有害杂草（Parthenium hysterophorus L.）的除草活性。在实验室生物测定中，测试了 5%、10%、15%和 20%w/v（基于鲜重）浓度的曼陀罗水提物和甲醇提物对野菊种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。水提物和甲醇提物均明显抑制了野菊的萌发和幼苗生长。一般来说，茎提取物的效果比根提取物的效果更为显著。在叶面喷施生物测定中，将 10%w/v（基于干重）浓度的曼陀罗水提物和甲醇提物喷施于一周龄和两周龄盆栽野菊幼苗上。每五天进行两次后续喷雾。水提物和甲醇提物均显著抑制了一周龄和两周龄野菊植株的茎长以及茎和根生物量。在残体掺入生物测定中，将曼陀罗的粉碎茎干掺入土壤中，浓度分别为 1%、2%、……5%w/w。残体掺入一周后播种野菊种子，播种后 40 天收获植物。掺入 2%-5%的残体可使萌发率降低 47%-89%。4%和 5%浓度的残体可分别使植物生物量降低 90%和 97%。本研究得出结论，曼陀罗的根和茎含有除草成分，可用于管理野菊杂草。